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=== April–June === * [[April 4]] – [[Catherine Parr]], widow of King [[Henry VIII of England]], secretly marries [[Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley]]. * [[April 24]] – [[Battle of Mühlberg]]: [[Emperor Charles V]] defeats the [[Lutheran]] forces of the [[Schmalkaldic League]] and takes [[John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony|John Frederick I]].<ref name="Gairdner1924">{{cite book|author=James Gairdner|title=The English Church in the Sixteenth Century: From the Accession of Henry VIII to the Death of Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ldw3AQAAMAAJ|year=1924|publisher=Macmillan and Company Limited}}</ref> * [[May 19]] – [[John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony|John Frederick I]] signs the [[Capitulation of Wittenberg]] in order to have his life spared by the Holy Roman Empire. * [[May 23]] – The Protestant [[Schmalkaldic League]] defeats the Catholic Army of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] at the [[Battle of Drakenburg]]. Of 6,000 Imperial troops, 2,500 are killed and another 2,500 are taken prisoner by the Protestants.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Hungary 1526-1686|editor=Pál Zsigmond Pach, Ágnes Várkonyi R.|publisher= Akadémiai Kiadó|location=[[Budapest]]|year=1985|isbn=963-05-0929-6}}</ref> * [[June 4]] – [[Maurice, Elector of Saxony|Maurice, Duke of Saxony]] is formally raised to the status of the Elector. * [[June 13]] – A peace treaty is signed between by representatives of the Holy Roman Empire and of the [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[France]] after the Empire's defeat at the 1543 [[Siege of Nice]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JsBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA286 |title=History of the Ottoman Turks: From the Beginning of Their Empire to the Present Time |author=Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy |year=1854 |page=286 |access-date=2016-12-02}}</ref> * [[June 21]] – The apparition of [[Mary, mother of Jesus]] is seen by several women in the [[Sicily|Sicilian]] city of [[Alcamo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.comune.alcamo.tp.it/in-citta/storia-e-tradizioni/185-le-tradizioni-popolari.html?start=5 |title=Comune di Alcamo, "Le tradizioni popolari - La festa della Madonna dei Miracoli" |access-date=2015-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419085954/http://www.comune.alcamo.tp.it/in-citta/storia-e-tradizioni/185-le-tradizioni-popolari.html?start=5 |archive-date=2015-04-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She becomes the patron saint of the city and is celebrated as [[Our Lady of Miracles|the Madonna of Miracles]] (''la Madonna dei Miracoli'') * [[June 23]] – [[Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse]] and [[John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony]], leaders of the Schmalkaldic League who were both captured at the battle of Muhlberg, are transported to south Germany and imprisoned for their revolt against the Empire. * [[June 26]] – [[Henry II of France|King Henri of France]] orders the division of France's easternmost provinces and divides them into three zones of control, each administered by a Marshal of the Army. {{cite book |last=Harding |first=Robert |title=Anatomy of a Power Elite: the Provincial Governors in Early Modern France |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1978 |page=29}} * [[June 29]] – A fleet of 21 French [[galley]]s, commanded by [[Leone Strozzi]], arrives at [[Fife]] in [[Scotland]] and begins the siege of [[St Andrews Castle]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Reid |first=W. Stanford |title=Trumpeter of God |location=New York |year=1974 | publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |pages=53–55 |isbn=0-684-13782-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/trumpeterofgod00wsta_0 }};</ref> The siege lasts for a month before [[John Knox]] and Protestant nobles surrender on July 31.<ref>{{Citation |last=Ridley |first=Jasper |author-link=Jasper Ridley (historian) |title=John Knox |location = Oxford |year= 1968 |publisher=Clarendon Press |pages=60–69 |oclc=251907110 }}</ref>
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