Editing 1544 (section)

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ceresole]]: [[Kingdom of France|French]] forces under the Comte d'Enghien defeat  forces of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], under the Marques Del Vasto, near [[Turin]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Desmond Seward|title=Prince of the Renaissance: The Life of François I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ro9ZAAAAYAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Cardinal|isbn=978-0-351-18234-1|page=236}}</ref>
* [[April 21]] &ndash; The Italian town of [[Agropoli]], frequently targeted by pirates from North Africa, is sacked by Ottoman raiders and 100 people are taken prisoner.
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset|Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford]], with an [[Kingdom of England|English]] army, captures [[Leith]] and [[Edinburgh]] from the [[Kingdom of Scotland]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Phillips |first1=Gervase |title=Strategy and Its Limitations: The Anglo-Scots Wars, 1480-1550 |journal=War in History |date=October 1999 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=396–416 |doi=10.1177/096834459900600402 |s2cid=159799137 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/096834459900600402 |access-date=22 September 2023 |language=en |issn=0968-3445}}</ref>
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset|Edward Seymour, Lord Hertford]], carries out the [[burning of Edinburgh]], capital of the Kingdom of Scotland, by the English Navy, then proceeds to destroy neighboring areas. 
* [[May 17]] &ndash; At [[Lima]], [[Blasco Núñez Vela]] takes office as the first Spanish Governor of the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]], which encompasses most of what are now the nations of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay, as well as the western part of Brazil.
* [[May 23]] &ndash; 
**The [[Treaty of Speyer (1544)|Treaty of Speyer]] is signed between the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and the Kingdom of Denmark (which includes Norway). [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] agrees to recognize [[Christian III of Denmark|Christian III]] as the ruler of Denmark and Norway, and abandons further attempts to restore [[Christian II of Denmark|King Christian II]] to the throne. In return, Denmark and Norway agree to support the Habsburg monarchy in the Empire.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christensen |first=Thorkild Lyby |date=1969 |title=Scoto-Danish Relations in the Sixteenth Century: The Historiography and Some Questions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25528790 |journal=The Scottish Historical Review |volume=48 |issue=145 |pages=80–97 |jstor=25528790 |issn=0036-9241}}</ref> 
**The allied French and Ottoman navies depart from the French port of [[Marseille]] and travel to [[Constantinople]], the Ottoman capital. The French fleet is commanded by [[Antoine Escalin des Aimars]], known as Captain Polin, French ambassador to the Ottomans, while the Turks are led by Hayreddin Barbarossa.
* [[May 25]] &ndash; On orders of King Henry VIII, the English Navy, commanded by [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk]], begins crossing the [[English Channel]] to invade from the west with 19,000 troops, while [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], commences an invasion of  [[France]] from the east.<ref name=Potter>{{cite book |last1=Potter |first1=D. L. |title=Henry VIII and Francis I |date=1 January 2011 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-20432-4 |pages=172–173 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004204324/Bej.9789004204317.i-562_006.xml |access-date=22 September 2023 |language=en |chapter=Chapter Four. ‘Fighting Over The Bear’s Skin’: The Invasion Of France (1544)}}</ref>
* [[June 4]] &ndash; A combined force of troops from the Holy Roman Empire and from Spain, both commanded by Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], defeat the French in the [[Battle of Serravalle (1544)|Battle of Serravalle]] after three days of fighting.
* [[June 8]] &ndash; The Duke of Norfolk crosses the English Channel after having landed troops in Normandy.<ref name=Potter/>
* [[June 24]] &ndash; The [[Sack of Ischia (1544)|plundering of the Italian island]] of [[Ischia]], part of the [[Kingdom of Naples]] is carried out by the Ottoman Empire Navy, commanded by [[Hayreddin Barbarossa]], who captures 4,000 of the residents and then sells them as slaves in Algeria.