Editing 1314 (section)

===April &ndash; June===
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Exeter College, Oxford]], in [[Kingdom of England|England]] is founded by [[Walter Stapledon]], Bishop of Exeter, and his brother for the education of clergy.
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement V]] dies after an 9-year [[pontificate]] at [[Roquemaure, Gard|Roquemaure]]. During his reign, he has reorganized and centralized the administration of the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>Menache, Sophia (2002). ''Clement V'', p. 2. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-52198-X}}.</ref>
* [[May 1]] &ndash; The [[1314–1316 papal conclave]] to elect a successor to Pope Clement V begins at [[Carpentras Cathedral]] in Provence with 23 cardinals in attendance, of whom the votes of 16 are necessary to elect a new Pontiff. The cardinals are divided into three factions, none of which have more than eight people, with a group from [[Italy]] (led by Guillaume de Mandagot), who want to move the papacy back to [[Rome]]; nine from [[Gascony]], most of whom are relatives of Pope Clement (led by [[Arnaud de Pellegrue]]); and five from [[Provence]] (led by [[Berengar Fredol the Elder|Berengar Fredol]]).
* [[May 14]] &ndash; In Italy, more than 50 of the [[Fraticelli]] spiritualists of the Franciscan order of Tuscany are [[Excommunication|excommunicated]] from the Roman Catholic Church by the Archbishop of Genoa after refusing to return to obedience to the Pope.<ref>William H. Brackney, ''Historical Dictionary of Radical Christianity'' (Scarecrow Press, 2012) p. 131</ref>
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[First War of Scottish Independence]]: English forces led by King [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] leave [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]] to march to break the Scottish siege of  [[Stirling Castle]]. They cross the [[River Tweed]] at [[Wark on Tweed|Wark]] and [[Coldstream]] and march west across the flat Merse of [[Berwickshire]] towards [[Lauderdale]]. In [[Earlston]], Edward uses an old [[Roman roads in Britannia|Roman road]] through the [[Lammermuir Hills]], practical for the wheeled transport of a long supply train as well as the cavalry and infantry.<ref name="Arms1314">{{cite book|last=Armstrong|first=Pete|year=2002|publisher=Osprey|location=London|title=Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory|pages=38–39, 54–55, 70–71, 79, 83|isbn=1-85532-609-4}}</ref> 
* [[June 19]] &ndash; English forces march to the environs of [[Edinburgh]]; here Edward II waits for the wagon train of over 200 baggage and supply wagons – which straggle behind the long columns, to catch up. At the nearby port of [[Leith]], English supply ships land stores for the army – who will be well rested before the {{Convert | 35 | mi | adj = on}} march that will bring them to Stirling Castle, before the deadline of [[June 24]].<ref name="Arms1314" />
* [[June 23]] &ndash; Battle of Bannockburn begins: English forces approach the Scottish positions at [[Torwood]], mounted troops under [[Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare]] are confronted by Scottish forces and repulsed. During the fierce fighting, [[Henry de Bohun]] is killed in a duel by King [[Robert the Bruce]]. Edward II and forward elements, mainly cavalry, encamp at [[Bannockburn]] near Stirling in central Scotland. The baggage train and the majority of the forces arrive in the evening.<ref name="Arms1314" />
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bannockburn]] (First War of Scottish Independence): Scottish forces (some 8,000 men) led by [[Robert the Bruce]] defeat the English army at Bannockburn, securing ''de facto'' independence for Scotland.<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Brown|title=Bannockburn: the Scottish War and the British Isles, 1307-1323|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7486-3332-6}}</ref> During the battle, the Scottish pikemen formed in [[schiltron]]s (or [[phalanx]]) repulses the English cavalry (some 2,000 men). Edward II flees with his bodyguard (some 500 men), while panic spreads among the remaining forces, turning their defeat into a rout.<ref name="Arms1314" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Black |first1=Andrew |title=What was the Battle of Bannockburn about? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk=scotland-27900285 |website=BBC |access-date=21 March 2019 |date=24 June 2014}}</ref> Stirling Castle is surrendered to the Scots.
* [[June 25]] &ndash; Edward II arrives at [[Dunbar Castle]], and takes safely a ship to [[Bamburgh]] in [[Northumberland]]. His mounted escort takes the coastal route from [[Dunbar]] to Berwick.<ref name="Arms1314" />