Editing 1297 (section)

==== Europe ====
* [[January 8]] &ndash; Guelph forces, led by the Genoese leader [[François Grimaldi]] (''il Malizia''), storm and capture the [[Rock of Monaco]]. François, disguised as a Franciscan [[friar]], gains entry to the city, and opens the gates for his soldiers. He seizes the castle with his stepson [[Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes|Rainier I]], an event that is commemorated on the [[coat of arms of Monaco]]. Rainier becomes the first sovereign ruler of the [[House of Grimaldi]] in [[Monaco]]; he rules initially until [[1301]], but the family will be ruling there into the 21st century. 
* [[Treaty of Alcañices]]: Kings [[Denis of Portugal]] ("the Poet King") and 11-year-old [[Ferdinand IV of Castile]] ("the Summoned") (under the guidance of his mother, Queen-Regent [[Maria de Molina]]) sign a treaty between [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] and [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], which establishes an alliance of friendship and mutual defense, leading to a peace of 40 years between the two kingdoms.<ref>Sheila R. Ackerlind (1990). ''King Dinis of Portugal and the Alfonsine heritage'', pp. 10–11. Peter Lang Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0-8204-0921-4}}.</ref>
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Furnes]]: French forces under [[Robert II, Count of Artois|Robert II]] defeat the Flemings at [[Veurne]]. During the battle, Robert's son [[Philip of Artois]] is gravely wounded and dies a year later of his wounds.<ref>Charles T. Wood (1966). ''The French Apanages and the Capetian Monarchy, 1224–1328'', p. 59. Harvard University Press.</ref>