Editing 1289 (section)

==== Europe ====
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Battle of Campaldino]]: Pro-papal Guelph forces of Florence and their allies, [[Lucca]], [[Pistoia]], [[Prato]] and [[Siena]] under Viscount [[Aimery IV of Narbonne|Aimery IV]] defeat the Ghibelline army (some 10,000 men) in [[Tuscany]]. Florence becomes the dominant power in [[Central Italy]]; powerful merchant guilds take on a more political role in the communal government against their rivals of [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]], [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]] and [[Republic of Venice|Venice]].<ref>Kelly de Vries & Niccolo Capponi (2018). Osprey: ''Campaldino 1289 - The battle that made Dante'', pp. 51–86. {{ISBN|978-1--4728-3128-6}}.</ref>
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Battle of Copenhagen (1289)|Battle of Copenhagen]]: A Norwegian expeditionary force under King [[Eric II of Norway|Eric II]], supported by Danish outlaws, sets sail to [[Copenhagen]] and attacks the city. But they are repelled and forced to withdraw to [[Zealand]].