Editing 1277 (section)

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[March 19]] &ndash; [[Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277|Byzantine–Venetian Treaty]]: Emperor [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]] concludes an agreement with the [[Republic of Venice]]. Stipulating a two-year truce, and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the [[Byzantine Empire]]. Michael keeps the Venetians and their fleet from participating in the attempts of [[Charles I of Anjou|Charles I]], king of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], to organize an anti-Byzantine crusade, while the Venetians can retain their access to the Byzantine market.<ref>{{Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations|pages=197–201}}</ref>
* Summer &ndash; [[Uprising of Ivaylo]]: An uprising under [[Ivaylo of Bulgaria|Ivaylo]] breaks out in northeastern [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]] against the failure of Emperor [[Konstantin Tih]] to cope with the constant Mongol invasions which have devastated the country for years. Ivaylo confronts and defeats the plundering Mongols, and by autumn all Mongols are driven out of Bulgarian territory. In return, Konstantin gathers a small army and tries unsuccessfully to suppress the revolt but is himself killed in battle.
* Late &ndash; [[Battle of Pharsalus (1277)|Battle of Pharsalus]]: Michael VIII sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under [[John Synadenos (megas stratopedarches)|John Synadenos]] to invade [[Thessaly]]. The Byzantines are ambushed and defeated by Greek forces under [[John I Doukas of Thessaly|John I Doukas]], Latin ruler of Thessaly, near (Old) [[Farsala|Pharsalus]]. During the battle, Synadenos is captured and [[Michael Kaballarios]], commander of the Latin mercenaries, dies shortly afterward of his wounds.<ref>Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). ''Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations'', p. 297. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. {{OCLC|101176343}}.</ref>