Editing 1266 (section)

==== Europe ====
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Conquest of Murcia (1265–66)|Siege of Murcia]]: King [[James I of Aragon]] ("the Conqueror") marches with his army from [[Orihuela]] and lays siege at [[Murcia]] on the [[Segura River]]. Skirmishes break out between the defenders and the Aragonese forces. The Muslim garrison, realizing that they are outnumbered and cut off from reinforcements, asks for terms. James offers to ask King [[Alfonso X of Castile]] ("the Wise") to restore the Murcians' legal rights (see [[1244]]) from before the rebellion: self-government under Castilian suzerainty, freedom of worship, and preservation of lands and properties. They agree to this offer but request Alfonso's explicit agreement rather than just James' promise to ask him. James refuses to get Alfonso's agreement before the city surrenders. Finally, the Moors yield Murcia to James on [[January 31]]. Seeing his standard on the walls, James enters the city on [[February 3]], accepting its surrender.<ref>O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 46. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-0463-6}}.</ref>
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Battle of Benevento]]: Guelph forces (some 12,000 men), led by [[Charles I of Sicily|Charles of Anjou]], brother of King [[Louis IX of France]], defeat a combined German and Sicilian army under King [[Manfred, King of Sicily|Manfred of Sicily]], during a long-running power struggle in [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. Manfred takes up a strong position near [[Benevento]]. As the French infantry advances, he unleashes his Saracen archers and light cavalry, which scatters the French. But the Saracens leave themselves exposed to the French heavy cavalry, and are overwhelmed. Manfred orders his heavy cavalry (some 1,200 German mercenary knights) into the attack, but they are defeated by the Guelph forces, and take heavy losses. Manfred is killed, and [[Pope Clement IV]] invests Charles as ruler of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] and [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]]. Meanwhile, [[Michael II Komnenos Doukas|Michael II]], despot of [[Despotate of Epirus|Epirus]], invades [[Albania]], and recovers the lands that Manfred has taken from him.<ref>Esposito, Gabriele (2019). ''Armies of the Medieval Italian Wars 1125–1325'', p. 39. Bloomsbury Publishing. {{ISBN|9781472833426}}.</ref>
* [[June]] &ndash; The [[Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266]] ends. The rebels make their formal submission to Alfonso X. They recognize the error that the Moors of Murcia have committed against their overlord Alfonso. Representatives of the ''[[aljama]]'', or municipal council, renew their allegiance and humbly beg for pardon, mercy and favour. With this, the Mudéjar uprising in the [[Kingdom of Murcia]] is formally ended.<ref>O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle of the Strait'', p. 47. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-0463-6}}.</ref>
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of Trapani]]: The Venetian fleet (24 galleys) led by Admiral [[Jacopo Dondulo]] moves to [[Marsala]] and attacks the larger Genoese fleet anchored at [[Trapani]], capturing all its ships. Some 1,200 Genoese drown and many are killed. Dondulo is acclaimed a hero on his return to [[Venice]] in July and elected as [[Captain General of the Sea]], Venice's highest naval command position.<ref>Stanton, Charles D. (2015). ''Medieval Maritime Warfare'', p. 165. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. {{ISBN|978-1-4738-5643-1}}.</ref>
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Perth]]: King [[Alexander III of Scotland]] agrees to a peace settlement with King [[Magnus VI of Norway]] ("the Law-mender") in which the [[Outer Hebrides]] and [[Isle of Man]] are ceded to [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] in exchange for 4,000 marks. In return, Alexander confirms Norwegian sovereignty over the islands of [[Shetland]] and [[Orkney]].<ref>{{cite web|title=When Hebrideans were offered a new start in Norway|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/when-hebrideans-were-offered-a-new-start-in-norway-1-4372635|website=Scotsman|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>