Editing 1251 (section)

==== Europe ====
* [[April]] &ndash; The [[Shepherds' Crusade (1251)|first Shepherds' Crusade]], a domestic [[Kingdom of France|French]] uprising in response to events in [[Egypt]] during the [[Seventh Crusade]], occurs.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u5DdBwAAQBAJ&q=1251+Shepherds%27+Crusade&pg=PA218|title=The Crusades to the Holy Land: The Essential Reference Guide: The Essential Reference Guide|last=Dickson|first=Gary|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2015|isbn=9781610697804|editor-last=Murray|editor-first=Alan V.|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=217–218|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HG_IBgAAQBAJ&q=1251+Shepherds%27+Crusade&pg=PA27|title=Holy War, Martyrdom, and Terror: Christianity, Violence, and the West|last=Buc|first=Philippe|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2015|isbn=9780812290974|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=172|language=en}}</ref>
* [[May]] – English governor [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]] suppresses a revolt in [[Gascony]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/141|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/141 141–144]}}</ref>
* [[December 26]] &ndash; King [[Alexander III of Scotland]] marries [[Margaret of England|Margaret]], daughter of King [[Henry III of England]], precipitating a power struggle between the two monarchs.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIK2WHQkdCgC&q=1251+Alexander+III+Scotland+Margaret&pg=PA142|title=Henry III of England and the Staufen Empire, 1216-1272|last=Weiler|first=Björn K. U.|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=2006|isbn=9780861932801|location=Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY|pages=142|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6KJVAAAAcAAJ&q=1251+Alexander+III+Scotland+Margaret&pg=PA16|title=A Genealogical History of the English Sovereigns, from William I. to George III. inclusive, accompanied with A brief Statement of the principal Events in each Reign; Biographical notices of all the noble families connected with the royal houses; and illustrated by genealogical tables|last=Toplis|first=William|publisher=Thomas Underwood|year=1814|location=London|pages=16|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Andrew de Longjumeau]], dispatched two years earlier by King [[Louis IX of France]] as an ambassador to the [[Mongol]]s, meets the king in Palestine, with reports from the Mongols and [[Tartary]]; his mission is considered a failure.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o44cBQAAQBAJ&q=1251+Andrew+of+Longjumeau&pg=PA47|title=The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality: Studies in Anthropological History|last=Aigle|first=Denise|publisher=BRILL|year=2014|isbn=9789004280649|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=47|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQleM5Yc0VAC&q=1251+Andrew+of+Longjumeau&pg=PA161|title=Storm from the East: From Genghis Khan to Khubilai Khan|last=Marshall|first=Robert|publisher=University of California Press|year=1993|isbn=9780520083004|location=Berkeley, CA and Los Angeles, CA|pages=161–162|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Mindaugas]] of [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]] is baptized, in prelude to his crowning as King of Lithuania in [[1253]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L9X3CwAAQBAJ&q=1251+Mindaugas&pg=PA48|title=The Lithuanian Millennium: History, Art and Culture|last1=Janonienė|first1=Rūta|last2=Račiūnaitė|first2=Tojana|last3=Iršėnas|first3=Marius|last4=Butrimas|first4=Adomas|publisher=Vilnius Academy of Arts Press|year=2015|isbn=9786094470974|location=Vilnius, Lithuania|pages=48|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Alexander Nevsky]] signs the first peace treaty between [[Kievan Rus']] and [[Norway]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wb1kAwAAQBAJ&q=1251+Alexander+Nevsky+norway&pg=PA141|title=In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times|last=Nansen|first=Fridtjof|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014|isbn=9781108071697|volume=2|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=141|language=en|translator-last=Arthur G. Chater|orig-date=1911}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cYU0DwAAQBAJ&q=1251+Alexander+Nevsky+norway&pg=PT20|title=Architectural Conservation and Restoration in Norway and Russia|last1=Khodakovsky|first1=Evgeny|last2=Lexau|first2=Siri Skjold|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=9781351995658|location=New York and London|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTCJAAAAQBAJ&q=1251+Alexander+Nevsky+norway&pg=PA86|title=CultureShock! Russia: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette|last=Pavloskaya|first=Anna|publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia|year=2011|isbn=9789814435574|location=Tarrytown, NY|pages=86|language=en}}</ref>
* King [[Conrad IV of Germany]] invades [[Italy]], but fails to subdue the supporters of [[Pope Innocent IV]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&q=1251+Conrad+IV+of+Germany+italy&pg=PT277|title=Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia|last=Sodders|first=Daniel R.|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=9781135948801|editor-last=Kleinhenz|editor-first=Christopher|location=New York and London|pages=247|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R63ACQAAQBAJ&q=1251+Conrad+IV+of+Germany+italy&pg=PA403|title=World Monarchies and Dynasties|last=Middleton|first=John|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=9781317451587|location=New York and London|pages=403|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]], later to become [[King of Bohemia]], is elected [[Rulers of Austria|Duke of Austria]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zfxITVc66KMC&q=1251+Ottokar+Bohemia&pg=PA51|title=Bohemia in History|last=Teich|first=Mikulas|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1998|isbn=9780521431552|location=Cambridge, New York and Melbourne|pages=51|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5qgHE29pikMC&q=1251+Ottokar+Bohemia&pg=PA46|title=The History of the Czech Republic and Slovakia|last=Mahoney|first=William|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|isbn=9780313363061|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=46|language=en}}</ref>
* The earliest known manuscript of ''[[The Proverbs of Alfred]]'', a collection of sayings of [[England]]'s [[Alfred the Great]], is written.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXyyYs2cRDcC&q=1251+The+Proverbs+of+Alfred&pg=PT20|title=Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire|last=Snodgrass|first=Mary Ellen|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2010|isbn=9781438119069|series=Facts on File Library of World Literature|location=New York|pages=9–10|language=en}}</ref>