Editing 1237 (section)

==== Europe ====

* Summer &ndash; Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] assembles an expeditionary force (some 15,000 men) to crush the rebellious [[Lombard League]]. He crosses the [[Alps]] to [[Verona]] – where he is joined by Lord [[Ezzelino III da Romano]], including troops from [[Brescia]], [[Vicenza]], [[Padua]] and [[Treviso]]. Frederick relies on his allies for support and in doing so, he provokes the opposition of earlier supporters, such as the [[House of Este]], which now sides with the Lombards.
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Puig]]: Aragonese forces under [[Bernat Guillem de Montpeller]] defeat the Muslim army (some 12,000 men) of the [[Taifa of Valencia]] at [[El Puig]]. The Almohad forces are routed, and many of the soldiers are slain in the action. [[Zayyan ibn Mardanish]], Almohad ruler and governor of [[Valencia]], is forced to go into exile to [[Tunisia]], while offering the surrender of all castles from the [[Turia (river)|Turia River]] to [[Tortosa]] and [[Teruel]].
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[Battle of Cortenuova]]: Frederick II defeats the forces of the Lombard League; about 5,000 Lombards are captured. Frederick makes a triumphal entry into the allied city of [[Cremona]] in the manner of an ancient [[Roman emperor]], with the captured ''[[carroccio]]'' (later sent to the commune of [[Rome]]), and an elephant. During the winter campaign, Frederick captures the [[Piedmont]]ese cities of [[Lodi, Lombardy|Lodi]], [[Novara]], [[Vercelli]], [[Chieri]], and [[Savona]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John Larner|title=Italy in the Age of Dante and Petrarch, 1216-1380|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRsZAQAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Longman|isbn=978-0-582-48366-8|page=31}}</ref> 
* At the urging of King [[Louis IX of France]], [[Thomas, Count of Flanders|Thomas II]] marries [[Joan, Countess of Flanders|Joanna]], widow of [[Ferdinand, Count of Flanders|Ferdinand of Flanders]], and daughter of the late Latin Emperor [[Baldwin I, Latin Emperor|Baldwin I]]. Thomas becomes count of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] (or ''[[Jure uxoris]]'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Coss |first1=Peter R. |last2=Coss |first2=P. R. |last3=Lloyd |first3=Simon D. |title=Thirteenth Century England II: Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987 |date=1988 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=9780851155135 |page=83 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFhOA1a0jnkC&pg=PA83|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Livonian Crusade]]: The [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] are absorbed into the [[Teutonic Order]], as the autonomous [[Livonian Order]]. An Estonian rebellion begins on [[Saaremaa]] Island (located in the [[Baltic Sea]]).