Editing 1197 (section)

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; Emperor [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]] travels to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] to persuade Pope [[Pope Celestine III|Celestine III]] to crown his infant son [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], who has been elected "King of the Romans" at [[Frankfurt]].
* King [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] (the Lionheart) has [[Château Gaillard]] ([[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]]) built on the [[Seine|Seine River]] as he fights to restore [[Angevin Empire|Angevin]] power in northern [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (approximate date).
* Summer &ndash; Henry VI takes cruel measures to put down [[Jordan Lupin]]'s insurrection in [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] and southern Italy, which has been provoked by the oppression of his German officials.
* June/July &ndash; [[Crusade of 1197|German crusaders]] launch an [[Raid on Silves (1197)|attack on Silves]].<ref>{{cite journal |author-link=Charles Wendell David |first=Charles Wendell |last=David |title=Narratio de Itinere Navali Peregrinorum Hierosolymam Tendentium et Silviam Capientium, A.D. 1189 |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |volume=81 |issue=5 |year=1939 |pages=591–676 (at 660) |jstor=985010}}</ref>
* [[September 28]] &ndash; Henry VI dies of [[malaria]] at [[Messina]] (also possibly poisoned),<ref>"Henry VI died in Messina, poisoned, so it was believed, by his own entourage because of his Italian policy." P. 41 in Kenneth Varty (editor), Reynard the Fox: Social Engagement and Cultural Metamorphoses in the Beast Epic from the Middle Ages to the Present (Berghahn Books, 2000). {{ISBN|1-57181-737-9}}.</ref> while preparing an expedition against the Byzantine usurper [[Alexios III Angelos|Alexios III]] (Angelos).  
* Autumn &ndash; A [[German throne dispute|German civil war]] begins upon the sudden death of Henry VI. Henry's brother, [[Philip of Swabia]], takes over the family lands and claims his inheritance.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', pp. 92–93. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* Autumn &ndash; A [[Brothers' Quarrel (Hungary)|dynastic feud]] breaks out between [[Emeric, King of Hungary]] and his younger brother [[Andrew II of Hungary|Duke Andrew]]. After a brief skirmish, Emeric is forced to cede [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatia]] and [[Dalmatia]] to Andrew, who begins to administer the provinces as a ''[[de facto]]'' sovereign monarch.<ref>{{cite book |last=Engel |first=Pál |year=2001 |title=The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526 |pages=86–87 |publisher= I.B. Tauris Publishers |isbn=1-86064-061-3}}</ref>
* Winter &ndash; Duke [[Ottokar I of Bohemia|Ottokar I]] forces his brother, [[Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia|Vladislaus III]], to abandon [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]]. Ottokar restores power and Vladislaus accepts the [[Margrave|margravial]] title of [[History of Moravia#Union with Bohemia|Moravia]].
* [[Saracen]] pirates, from the [[Balearic Islands]], raid the city of [[Toulon]] in [[Provence]], and the [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] [[Lérins Abbey|monastery of Saint Honorat]], on the [[Lérins Islands]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Pays d'Islam et monde latin, Xe-XIIIe siècle: textes et documents|publisher=Presses Universitaires de Lyon|location=Lyon|author=Unité mixte de recherche 5648--Histoire et archéologie des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux}}</ref>
* [[Northern Crusades]]: Danish forces led by King [[Canute VI of Denmark|Canute VI]] raid the area of present-day [[Estonia]].<ref>[[Sulev Vahtre]] (2007). Eesti ajalugu: kronoloogia, 2007. Printed by "Olion". Pg 21.</ref>
* [[Civil war era in Norway]]: conflict between king [[Sverre of Norway]] and the party of [[Bagler]].