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====15th century==== {{see also|15th century#Inventions, discoveries, introductions}} * '''Early 15th century:''' [[Coil spring]] in [[Europe]]<ref name="White1966" >{{Cite book | last=White | first=Lynn Jr. | title=Medieval Technology and Social Change | publisher=Oxford Univ. Press | year=1966 | location=New York | isbn=0-19-500266-0 | url=https://archive.org/details/medievaltechnolo00whit }}, p.126-127</ref> * '''15th century:''' [[Mainspring]] in Europe<ref name="White1966"/> * '''15th century:''' [[Rifle]] in Europe * '''1420s:''' [[Brace (tool)|Brace]] in [[County of Flanders|Flanders]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]<ref name="White 1968, 462f.">[[Lynn Townsend White, Jr.|White, Lynn]] (1962): "Medieval Technology and Social Change", At the Clarendon Press, Oxford, p. 112</ref> * '''1439:''' [[Printing press]] in [[Mainz, Germany]]: The printing press is invented in the [[Holy Roman Empire]] by [[Johannes Gutenberg]] before 1440, based on existing [[screw press]]es. The first confirmed record of a press appeared in a 1439 [[lawsuit]] against Gutenberg.<ref name="meggs58-69">Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1998. (pp 58β69) {{ISBN|0-471-29198-6}}</ref> * '''Mid 15th century:''' The [[Arquebus]] (also spelled Harquebus) is invented, possibly in Spain.<ref>{{cite book|title=Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sttPAAAAMAAJ&pg=373|access-date=5 January 2016|volume=1|year=1833|publisher=C. Knight|pages=373β374}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/technology/harquebus |title=harquebus weapon |website=Britannica.com |access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> * '''1480s:''' [[Mariner's astrolabe]] in [[Portuguese discoveries|Portuguese circumnavigation of Africa]]<ref>Stimson, Alan (1985): "The Mariner's Astrolabe. A Survey of 48 Surviving Examples", UC Biblioteca Geral, Coimbra, p. 576</ref>
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