Editing Superpower (section)

===== Known world by Medieval Europeans and Middle Easterners =====
Main [[reserve currency]] in the Mediterranean and Near East: [[Solidus (coin)|Roman Solidus]], later replaced by the [[Gold dinar|Dinar]], minted by the Caliphates.
* [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]]
* [[Carolingian Empire]] (Arabs, Persians, East Asians used "[[Franks]]" as a generic name for Europeans. Due to [[feudalism]], Western European powers with influence outside Europe did not emerge in the remainder of the Middle Ages) 
* The [[Caliphate]]s: [[Rashidun Caliphate]], [[Umayyad Caliphate]],<ref>{{Cite book |first=Jane |last=Burbank |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/751801141 |title=Empires in world history : power and the politics of difference |date=5 July 2011 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15236-3 |oclc=751801141}}</ref> [[Fatimid Caliphate]] and [[Abbasid Caliphate]]
* [[Sultanate of Mogadishu]] (Known by Arabs, Europeans and East Asians)
* Persia ([[Sassanid Empire]], [[Ilkhanate]] and the [[Timurid Empire]]) (known by Europeans, Indians and East Asians)
* [[Ethiopian Empire]] (known by the Arabs, Indians, Europeans and later by the Chinese)
* [[Medieval India|Indian]] empires: [[Chola Empire]] and [[Delhi Sultanate]]
* [[Mongol Empire]] (known by Eurasians)
* [[Medieval China|Chinese]] empires: [[Tang dynasty|Tang Empire]] (known by East Asians, Indians and Middle Easterners but not by Europeans in detailed way),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lockard |first=Craig |title="Tang Civilization and the Chinese Centuries" |url=https://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/services/dropoff/china_civ_temp/week06/pdfs/tangci.pdf}}</ref> [[Song dynasty|Song Empire]] (known by the Europeans in its very last years),<ref>{{Citation |title=Conclusion |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt183p1d6.13 |work=The Crimes of Empire |pages=241–248 |publisher=Pluto Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctt183p1d6.13 |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref> [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan Empire]], [[Ming dynasty|Ming Empire]]