Editing Rules of chess (section)

===Codification===
{{multiple image |total_width = 340
 |image1 = FIDE rulebook.jpg
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 |caption1 = FIDE rulebook, 1989
 |image2 = OfficialChessRulebook.jpg
 |width2 = 320 |height2 = 499
 |caption2 = ''Official Chess Rulebook'', by Harkness (1970 edition)
}}
The first known publication of chess rules was in a book by [[Luis Ramírez de Lucena]] about 1497, shortly after the movement of the queen, bishop, and pawn were changed to their modern form.{{sfn|Just|2019|loc=Introduction}} [[Ruy López de Segura]] gave rules of chess in his 1561 book [[Libro de la invencion liberal y arte del juego del axedrez]].<ref>{{Harvcol|Sunnucks|1970|p=294}}</ref> In the 16th and 17th centuries, there were local differences concerning rules such as castling, promotion, stalemate, and ''en passant''. Some of these differences persisted until the 19th century;<ref>{{Harvcol|Harkness|1967|p=3}}</ref> for example, differences in castling rules persisted in Italy until the late 19th century.

As chess clubs arose and tournaments became common, there was a need to formalize the rules. In 1749 [[François-André Danican Philidor|Philidor]] (1726–1795) wrote a set of rules that were widely used, as well as rules by later writers such as the 1828 rules by [[Jacob Sarratt]] (1772–1819) and rules by [[George Walker (chess player)|George Walker]] (1803–1879). In the 19th century, many major clubs published their own rules, including The Hague in 1803, London in 1807, Paris in 1836, and St. Petersburg in 1854. In 1851 [[Howard Staunton]] (1810–1874) called for a "Constituent Assembly for Remodeling the Laws of Chess" and proposals by [[Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa]] (1818–1889) were published in 1854. Staunton had published rules in ''Chess Player's Handbook'' in 1847, and his new proposals were published in 1860 in ''Chess Praxis''; they were generally accepted in English-speaking countries. German-speaking countries usually used the writings of chess authority [[Johann Berger]] (1845–1933) or ''[[Handbuch des Schachspiels]]'' by [[Paul Rudolf von Bilguer]] (1815–1840), first published in 1843.<ref>{{cite book | last=Murray | first=H.J.R. | title=A History of Chess | url=https://archive.org/details/AHistoryOfChessHJRMurray/page/n923/mode/2up | year=1913 | publisher=Oxford, Clarendon Press | pages=878–890}}</ref>

In 1924, Fédération Internationale des Échecs ([[FIDE]]) was formed and in 1928 it took up the task of standardizing the rules. At first FIDE tried to establish a universal set of rules, but translations to various languages differed slightly. Although FIDE rules were used for international competition under their control, some countries continued to use their own rules internally.<ref>{{Harvcol|Hooper|Whyld|1996|pp=220–21}}</ref> In 1952, FIDE created the Permanent Commission for the Rules of Chess (also known as the Rules Commission) and published a new edition of the rules. The third official edition of the laws was published in 1966. The first three editions of the rules were published in French, with that as the official version. In 1974 FIDE published the English version of the rules (which was based on an authorized 1955 translation). With that edition, English became the official language of the rules. Another edition was published in 1979. Throughout this time, ambiguities in the laws were handled by frequent interpretations that the Rules Commission published as supplements and amendments. In 1982, the Rules Commission rewrote the laws to incorporate the interpretations and amendments.<ref>{{Harvcol|FIDE|1989|pp=7–8}}</ref> In 1984, FIDE abandoned the idea of a universal set of laws, although FIDE rules are the standard for high-level play.<ref>{{Harvcol|Hooper|Whyld|1996|pp=220–21}}</ref> With the 1984 edition, FIDE implemented a four-year moratorium between changes to the rules. Other editions were issued in 1988 and 1992.<ref>{{Harvcol|FIDE|1989|p=5}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcol|Just|2014|}}</ref>

The rules of national FIDE affiliates (such as the [[United States Chess Federation]], or USCF) are based on the FIDE rules, with slight variations.<ref>{{Harvcol|Just|2014|}}</ref>{{efn|Schiller states that the United States is the only country that does not follow the FIDE rules. Some of the differences in the [[United States Chess Federation|US Chess Federation]] rules are (1) a player must have a reasonably complete {{chessgloss|score sheet}} to claim a time forfeit and (2) the player can choose whether or not to use a clock with a delay period for each move.}}<ref>{{Harvcol|Schiller|2003|pp=123–24}}</ref> Some other differences are noted above. [[Kenneth Harkness]] published popular rulebooks in the United States starting in 1956, and the USCF continues to publish rulebooks for use in tournaments it sanctions.

In 2008, FIDE added the variant [[Chess960]] to the appendix of the "Laws of Chess". Chess960 uses a random initial set-up of main pieces, with the conditions that the king is placed somewhere between the two rooks, and bishops on opposite-color squares. The castling rules are extended to cover all these positions.{{sfn|FIDE|2023|loc=guideline II.3}}

In the 21st century, rules about such things as [[mobile phone]]s and unauthorized use of [[chess engines]] were introduced.<ref name="chessbase-anti-cheating" />