Editing Roosevelt Island (section)

==== Waste disposal ====
Before the 1970s, raw waste from Roosevelt Island was dumped directly into the East River.<ref name="Buckley 1973" /> Garbage on Roosevelt Island is collected by an [[automated vacuum collection]] (AVAC) system, which consists of [[pneumatic tube]]s measuring either {{convert|20|in}},<ref name="Mason 2010">{{cite magazine |last=Mason |first=Betsy |date=August 16, 2010 |title=New York City's Trash-Sucking Island |url=https://www.wired.com/2010/08/trash-sucking-island/ |access-date=March 7, 2023 |magazine=WIRED}}</ref> {{convert|22|in|cm}},<ref name="Chaban 2015">{{cite news |last=Chaban |first=Matt A.V. |date=August 3, 2015 |title=Garbage Collection, Without the Noise or the Smell |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/04/nyregion/garbage-collection-without-the-noise-or-the-smell.html?_r=0 |access-date=July 28, 2017 |quote=While vehicles still found their way onto the island, garbage trucks were largely banished, thanks to the pneumatic tube system, one of the largest in the world. It sucks up roughly 10 tons of trash from the island's 12,000 residents each day.... After they drop garbage down chutes in their buildings, it collects at the bottom until a trapdoor is activated, releasing the waste into 22-inch-wide red steel tubes that run underground. |archive-date=July 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729023054/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/04/nyregion/garbage-collection-without-the-noise-or-the-smell.html?_r=0 |url-status=live}}</ref> or {{convert|24|in|cm}} wide.<ref name="Bodarky 2017">{{cite web |first=George |last=Bodarky |title=How New York's Roosevelt Island Sucks Away Summer Trash Stink |website=NPR |date=July 26, 2017 |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/07/26/539304811/how-new-york-s-roosevelt-island-sucks-away-summer-trash-stink |access-date=February 27, 2023 }}</ref> Manufactured by Swedish firm [[Envac]] and installed in 1975, it was the second AVAC system in the U.S. at the time of its installation, after the [[Disney utilidor system]].<ref name="Mason 2010" /><ref name="Bodarky 2017" /> It is one of the world's largest AVAC systems,<ref name="Chaban 2015" /> collecting trash from 16 residential towers.<ref name="Mason 2010" /> Trash from each tower is transported to the Central Collections and Compaction Plant<ref name="Chaban 2015" /> at up to {{Convert|60|mph}}.<ref name="Mason 2010" /> The collection facility contains three turbines that spin the garbage;<ref name="Bodarky 2017" /> the trash is then compacted and sent to a landfill.<ref name="Mason 2010" /><ref name="Bodarky 2017" /> The pneumatic tube system collects {{convert|6|ST}}<ref name="Bodarky 2017" /> or {{convert|10|ST}} of trash each day.<ref name="Chaban 2015" /> On several occasions, tenants have damaged the system by throwing large objects, such as strollers and Christmas trees, into the tubes.<ref name="Mason 2010" /><ref name="Bodarky 2017" />