Editing Purple (section)

== In culture and society ==
=== Cultures of Asian countries ===
* The Chinese word for purple, ''zi'', is connected with the North Star, [[Polaris]], or ''zi Wei'' in Chinese. In Chinese astrology, the North Star was the home of the Celestial Emperor, the ruler of the heavens. The area around the North Star is called the [[Purple Forbidden Enclosure]] in [[Chinese astronomy]]. For that reason the [[Forbidden City]] in [[Beijing]] was also known as the Purple Forbidden City (''zi Jin cheng''). Purple often represents "the highest," holiest, and "most [[Sacredness|sacred]] values" in China.<ref name=":3" />
** In [[Taoism]], purple is a transitional color and metaphysically between [[yin and yang]].<ref name=":3" />
*Purple was a popular color introduced into Japanese dress during the [[Heian period]] (794–1185). The dye was made from the root of the alkanet plant (''[[Anchusa officinalis]]''), also known as ''murasaki'' in Japanese. At about the same time, Japanese painters began to use a pigment made from the same plant.<ref>Anne Varichon, ''Couleurs: pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples'', p.&nbsp;139</ref>
{{See also|Traditional colors of Japan#Violet series}}

*In Thailand, widows in mourning wear the color purple. Purple is also associated with Saturday on the [[Thai solar calendar]].
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
File:Eastern Han Luoyang Mural of Liubo players.jpg|[[Han purple]] and [[Han blue]] were synthetic colors made by artisans in China during the [[Han dynasty]] (206 BC to 220 AD) or even earlier.
File:Geisha apprentice (15801544380).jpg|A Japanese woman in a kimono.
File:Emperor Kōmyō.jpg|[[Emperor Komyo]] of Japan. (1322–1380). Purple was the color of the aristocracy in Japan and China.
</gallery>

=== Cultures of Europe ===

==== Ancient Rome ====
Purple represented the height of [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] virtue and cultural values.<ref name=":3" />

==== Medieval Europe ====

* In [[medieval Europe]], purple represented [[leadership]] and the [[king]].<ref name=":3" />
** In European [[alchemy]] during this time, "the 'precious purple tincture'" was a term for various substances alchemists hoped to create.<ref name=":3" /> The term and goal of the alchemists evoked kingliness,<ref name=":3" /> since the [[divine right of kings]] was also thought to aid the alchemists' future.

=== Engineering ===
The color purple plays a significant role in the traditions of engineering schools across Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-22 |title=Traditions - Waterloo Engineering Society |url=https://www.engsoc.uwaterloo.ca/about-us/traditions/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Purple is also the color of the Engineering Corp in the British Military.<ref>{{Cite web |last=profbillanderson |date=2019-04-16 |title=Why Engineering is Purple |url=https://profbillanderson.com/2019/04/16/why-engineering-is-purple/ |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=A Professor in Waterloo Engineering |language=en}}</ref>

=== Idioms and expressions ===
*'''[[Purple prose]]''' refers to pretentious or overly embellished writing. For example, a paragraph containing an excessive number of long and unusual words is called a purple passage.
*'''[[Born in the purple|Born to the purple]]''' means someone who is born into a life of wealth and privilege. It originally was used to describe the rulers of the [[Byzantine Empire]].
*A '''purple patch''' is a period of exceptional success or good luck.<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/purple_patch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122034840/https://www.lexico.com/definition/purple_patch |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |title=purple patch |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> The origins are obscure, but it may refer to the symbol of success of the Byzantine Court. Bishops in Byzantium wore a purple patch on their costume as a symbol of rank.
*'''Purple haze''' refers to a state of mind induced by [[psychedelic drug]]s, particularly [[LSD]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cottrell |first1=Robert C. |title=Sex, Drugs, and Rock 'n' Roll: The Rise of America's 1960s Counterculture |date=2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-4607-2 |page=134 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NGGGBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134 |language=en |quote=a confusing drug-induced state}}</ref>
*'''Wearing purple''' is a military slang expression in the U.S., Canada and the U.K. for an officer who is serving in a joint assignment with another service, such as an Army officer on assignment to the Navy. The officer is symbolically putting aside his or her traditional uniform color and exclusive loyalty to their service during the joint assignment, though in fact they continue to wear their own service's uniform.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jointness |url=http://www.carlisle.army.mil/library/bibs/joint07.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106130755/http://www.carlisle.army.mil/library/bibs/joint07.pdf |archive-date=6 January 2011 |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=www.carlisle.army.mil}}</ref>
*'''[[Purple squirrel]]''' is a term used by employment recruiters to describe a job candidate with precisely the right education, experience, and qualifications that perfectly fits a job's multifaceted requirements. The assumption is that the perfect candidate is as rare as a real-life purple squirrel.

=== Military ===
*The [[Purple Heart]] is a United States [[Awards and decorations of the United States military|military decoration]] awarded in the name of the President to those who have been wounded or killed during their service.

=== Politics ===
*In United States politics, a [[Red states and blue states#Purple states|''purple state'']] (typically a ''[[swing state]]'') is a state roughly balanced between [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] (generally symbolized by red in the 21st century) and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] (symbolized by blue).
*In the [[politics of the Netherlands]], [[purple (government)|Purple]] ({{langx|nl|paars}}) means a coalition government consisting of [[liberalism|liberals]] and [[social democracy|social democrats]] (symbolized by the colors blue and red, respectively), as opposed to the more common coalitions of the [[Christian democracy in the Netherlands|Christian Democrats]] with one of the other two. Between 1994 and 2002 there were two Purple cabinets, both led by [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Prime Minister]] [[Wim Kok]].
*In the [[politics of Belgium]], as with the Netherlands, a purple government includes liberal and social-democratic parties in coalition. Belgium was governed by Purple governments from 1999 to 2007 under the leadership of [[Prime Minister of Belgium|Prime Minister]] [[Guy Verhofstadt]].
*Purple is the primary color used by many European and American political parties, including [[Volt Europa]], the [[UK Independence Party]], the [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats]] in the [[Republic of Ireland]], the [[Liberal People's Party (Norway, 1992)|Liberal People's Party]] in Norway, and the [[United States Pirate Party]]. [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]] party in Germany, whose primary color is red, is traditionally portrayed in purple on election maps to distinguish it from the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}
*In the United Kingdom, the color scheme for the [[suffragette]] movement in Britain and Ireland was designed with purple for loyalty and dignity, white for purity, and green for hope.<ref name="ChertseyMuseum">{{cite web|title=Dress & the Suffragettes |url=https://chertseymuseum.org/suffragette_dress |website=[[Chertsey#Museum|Chertsey Museum]] |access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Blackman">{{cite news|last1=Blackman|first1=Cally|title=How the Suffragettes used fashion to further the cause|url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/oct/08/suffragette-style-movement-embraced-fashion-branding|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 October 2015|access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="WSPU_Flag">{{cite web |title=WSPU Flag |url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/electionsvoting/womenvote/parliamentary-collections/collections-suffragettes/flag/ |website=[[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] |access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref>

=== Rhyme ===
[[File:The Prince's Clothes (407816597).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Purple was a central motif in the career of the musician [[Prince (musician)|Prince]]. His 1984 film and album ''[[Purple Rain (album)|Purple Rain]]'' is one of his best-known works. The [[Purple Rain (song)|title track]] is Prince's [[signature song]] and was nearly always played in concert. Prince encouraged his fans to wear purple to his concerts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Where fans of Prince music meet and stay up-to-date|url=http://prince.org/|website=Prince.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://prince.org/wiki/Princepedia |title=Link to the main page of the Princepedia, a Wiki about Prince, on the purple Prince.org Prince fan website |access-date=2013-01-28 |archive-date=2013-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124194142/http://prince.org/wiki/Princepedia }}</ref>]]
*In the [[English language]], the word "purple" has only one perfect rhyme, ''[[wikt:curple|curple]].'' Others are [[List of English words without rhymes#Words with obscure perfect rhymes|obscure perfect rhymes]], such as ''[[wikt:hirple|hirple]].''
**[[Robert Burns]] rhymes purple with curple in his Epistle to Mrs. Scott.
*Examples of [[Rhyme#General rhymes|imperfect rhymes]] or non-word rhymes with purple:
** In the song [[Grace Kelly (song)|Grace Kelly]] by [[Mika (singer)|Mika]] the word purple is rhymed with "hurtful".
** In his hit song "[[Dang Me]]", [[Roger Miller]] sings these lines:
{{poemquote
|text="[[Rose]]s are red, [[violet (plant)|violets]] are purple
[[Sugar]] is sweet and so is [[maple syrup|maple surple]]"
}}

=== Sexuality ===
Purple is sometimes associated with the [[lesbian]], [[gay]], [[Bisexuality|bisexual]], and [[transgender]] ([[LGBT]]) community.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hastings |first=Christobel |date=2020-06-04 |title=How lavender became a symbol of LGBTQ resistance |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/lgbtq-lavender-symbolism-pride/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118224608/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/lgbtq-lavender-symbolism-pride/index.html |archive-date=2023-11-18 |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> It is the symbolic color worn on [[Spirit Day]], a commemoration that began in 2010 to show support for young people who are bullied because of their [[sexual orientation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longislandpress.com/2010/10/20/wear-purple-october-20-spirit-day-wear-purple-day/|title=Wear Purple October 20: Spirit Day, Wear Purple Day|work=longislandpress.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022234536/http://www.longislandpress.com/2010/10/20/wear-purple-october-20-spirit-day-wear-purple-day/|archive-date=2010-10-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.takepart.com/news/2010/10/19/why-wearing-purple-will-p/10/daily-hollywood-spirit-day-talk-runaway-and-willow-smith|title=October 20th is Spirit Day in Hollywood—Neon Tommy's Daily Hollywood|website=Takepart.com|access-date=26 November 2021}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Purple is closely associated with bisexuality, largely in part to the [[bisexual pride flag]] which combines pink – representing homosexuality – and blue – representing heterosexuality – to create the bisexual purple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pride Flags |url=https://www.unco.edu/gender-sexuality-resource-center/resources/pride-flags.aspx |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=The Gender and Sexuality Resource Center |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Michael |title=The History of the Bi Pride Flag |url=http://biflag.com/Activism.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204070907/http://www.biflag.com/Activism.asp |archive-date=2012-02-04 |access-date=2024-01-19}}</ref> The purple hand is another symbol sometimes used by the LGBT community during parades and demonstrations.

=== Sports and games ===
*In [[Motorsport]], purple is used to indicate the fastest times of the race.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What do DRS, black and white flag, porpoising and more mean? F1 terms explained |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-terms-explained-what-box-marbles-drs-undercut-and-more-mean-5477591/5477591/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=www.autosport.com |date=22 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*The [[National Basketball Association]]'s [[Los Angeles Lakers]], [[Phoenix Suns]] and [[Sacramento Kings]] use purple as their primary color.
*In the [[Indian Premier League]], purple is the primary color of the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]].
*In [[Major League Baseball]], purple is one of the primary colors for the [[Colorado Rockies]].
*In the [[National Football League]], the [[Minnesota Vikings]] and [[Baltimore Ravens]] use purple as main colors.
*The [[Australian Football League]]'s [[Fremantle Football Club]] use purple as one of their primary colors.
*In [[association football]] (soccer), Italian [[Serie A]] club [[ACF Fiorentina]], [[Belgian Pro League]] club and former Europa League winner [[R.S.C. Anderlecht]], French [[Ligue 1]] club [[Toulouse FC]] and [[Ligue 2]] club [[FC Istres]], Spanish [[La Liga]] club [[Real Valladolid]], [[Austrian Football Bundesliga]] club [[FK Austria Wien]], Hungarian [[Nemzeti Bajnokság I]] club [[Újpest FC]], [[Slovenian PrvaLiga]] club [[NK Maribor]], former Romanian [[Liga I]] clubs [[FC Politehnica Timișoara]] and [[FC Argeș Pitești]], Andorran [[Primera Divisió]] club [[CE Principat]], German club [[Tennis Borussia Berlin]], Italian club [[A.S.D. Legnano Calcio 1913]], Swedish club [[Fässbergs IF]], Japanese club [[Kyoto Sanga]], Australian [[A-League]] Club [[Perth Glory FC|Perth Glory]] and American [[Major League Soccer]] club [[Orlando City SC|Orlando City]] use purple as one of their primary colors.
*The [[Melbourne Storm]] from Australia's [[National Rugby League]] use purple as one of their primary colors.
*[[Costa Rica]]'s Primera División soccer team [[Deportivo Saprissa]]'s main color is purple (actually a [[burgundy (color)|burgundy]] like shade), and their nickname is the "Monstruo Morado", or "Purple Monster".
*In [[tennis]], the official colors of the [[Wimbledon Championships]] are deep green and purple (traditionally called mauve).
*In American college athletics, [[Louisiana State University]], [[Kansas State University]], [[Texas Christian University]], [[Prairie View A&M University]], the [[University of Central Arkansas]], [[Northwestern University]], the [[University of Washington]], and [[East Carolina University]] all have purple as one of their main team colors.
*The [[University of Western Ontario]] in London, Canada, and [[Bishop's University]] in Sherbrooke, Canada, have purple as one of its main team colors.
*Purple is the color of the ball in [[Snooker Plus]] with a 10-point value.
*In the game of [[pocket billiards|pool]], purple is the color of the 4-solid and the 12-striped balls.
[[File:Cadbury World sign, Bournville.JPG|thumb|right|[[Cadbury]] logo as displayed at Cadbury World in Bournville, England]]

=== Business ===
The British chocolate company [[Cadbury]] chose purple as it was [[Queen Victoria]]'s favourite color.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chocolate wars break out over the colour purple |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/02/02/chocolate-wars-break-colour-purple/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/02/02/chocolate-wars-break-colour-purple/ |archive-date=2022-01-11 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2019 |work=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The company trademarked the color purple for chocolates with registrations in 1995<ref>[https://www.ipo.gov.uk/tmcase/Results/1/UK0002020876A?legacySearch=False "Trade mark number UK0002020876A"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031205803/https://trademarks.ipo.gov.uk/ipo-tmcase/page/Results/1/UK0002020876A?legacySearch=False |date=2022-10-31 }}. Intellectual Property Office.</ref> and 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ipo.gov.uk/tmcase/Results/1/UK00002376879?legacySearch=False|title=Intellectual Property Office – By number results|website=Ipo.gov.uk|access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref> However, the validity of these trademarks is the matter of an ongoing legal dispute following objections by [[Nestlé]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.confectionerynews.com/Manufacturers/Cadbury-suffers-blow-in-latest-Nestle-battle-over-the-color-purple|title=Cadbury left black & blue in latest Nestlé battle over the color purple|website=Confectionerynews.com|date=19 April 2016 |access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Emblem of the kingdom of León of Alfonso IX of Leon.jpg|thumb|Emblem of [[King Alfonso IX of León]] (1180-1230) displayed in the 12th century ''Tumbo A'' [[manuscript]] in the [[Santiago de Compostela Cathedral]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]].]]

=== In flags ===
* Purple or violet appear in the flags of only two modern sovereign nations, and are merely ancillary colors in both cases. The [[Flag of Dominica]] features a [[sisserou parrot]], a national symbol, while the [[Flag of Nicaragua]] displays a rainbow in the center, as part of the [[coat of arms of Nicaragua]].
* The lower band of the flag of the [[second Spanish republic]] (1931–39) was colored a tone of purple, to represent the common people as opposed to the red of the Spanish monarchy, unlike other nations of Europe where purple represented royalty and red represented the common people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es!ful.html#pur |title=Legendary "Purple Banner of Castile" or "Commoner's Banner" |publisher=Crwflags.com |access-date=2012-12-29}}</ref>
* In Japan, the prefecture of [[Tokyo]]'s flag is purple, as is the flag of [[Ichikawa, Chiba|Ichikawa]] and other Japanese municipalities.
* Porpora, or [[purpure]], a shade of purple, was added late to the list of colors of European [[heraldry]]. A purple lion was the symbol of the old Spanish [[Kingdom of León]] (910–1230), and it later appeared on the flag of [[Spain]], when the [[Kingdom of Castile]] and Kingdom of León merged.
* Several cities in Europe also adopted purple on their flags, notable examples including [[Toledo, Spain]], [[Coimbra]], Portugal, and [[Jelgava]], Latvia.
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Flag of Dominica.svg|[[Flag of Dominica]], features a purple sisserou parrot. 
File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg|[[Flag of Nicaragua]], although at this size the purple band of the rainbow is nearly indistinguishable.
File:Flag of Spain 1931 1939.svg|Flag of the [[second Spanish republic]] (1931–39), known in Spanish as ''{{lang|es|la tricolor}}'', still widely used by left-wing political organizations.
</gallery>