Editing Primate (section)

===Role in scientific research===
{{Further|Animal testing on non-human primates|International trade in primates}}
[[File:Monkey Sam Before The Flight On Little Joe 2.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Sam, a [[rhesus macaque]], was flown to the edge of space by [[NASA]] in the 1959 [[Little Joe 2]] flight of [[Project Mercury]].]]
Thousands of non-human primates are used around the world in research because of their psychological and physiological similarity to humans.<ref name="ebra" /><ref name="ChenLi">{{cite journal | last1=Chen |first1=F. C. |last2=Li |first2=W. H. | date = February 2001 | title = Genomic divergences between humans and other hominoids and the effective population size of the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees | journal = [[American Journal of Human Genetics]] | volume = 68 | issue = 2 | pages = 444–456 | doi = 10.1086/318206 | pmid = 11170892 | pmc = 1235277}}</ref> In particular, the brains and eyes of NHPs more closely parallel human anatomy than those of any other animals. NHPs are commonly used in [[Clinical trial#Pre-clinical studies|preclinical trials]], [[neuroscience]], [[ophthalmology]] studies, and toxicity studies. [[Rhesus macaque]]s are often used, as are other [[macaque]]s, African [[Chlorocebus|green monkeys]], chimpanzees, [[baboon]]s, [[squirrel monkey]]s, and [[marmoset]]s, both wild-caught and purpose-bred.<ref name="ebra">{{cite web |url=http://www.ebra.org/ebrabulletin-the-supply-and-use-of-primates-in-the-eu_17.htm |title=The supply and use of primates in the EU |publisher=European Biomedical Research Association |year=1996 |access-date=2008-08-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117061036/http://www.ebra.org/ebrabulletin-the-supply-and-use-of-primates-in-the-eu_17.htm |archive-date=2012-01-17 }}</ref><ref name="Conlee2004">{{cite journal | last1=Conlee |first1=K. M. |last2=Hoffeld |first2=E. H. |last3=Stephens |first3=M. L. | year = 2004 | title = A Demographic Analysis of Primate Research in the United States | journal = Alternatives to Laboratory Animals | volume = 32 | issue = Sup 1 | pages = 315–322 |doi=10.1177/026119290403201s52 |pmid=23577480|s2cid=6743973 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

In 2005, GAP reported that 1,280 of the 3,100 NHPs living in captivity in the United States were used for experiments.<ref name="GA" /> In 2004, the [[European Union]] used around 10,000 NHPs in such experiments; in 2005 in Great Britain, 4,652 experiments were conducted on 3,115 NHPs.<ref>{{cite book |author= Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for the Home Department by Command of Her Majesty|title=Statistics of scientific procedures on living animals: Great Britain 2005 |date=July 2006 |publisher=[[The Stationery Office]] |isbn=0-10-168772-9 |url=http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm68/6877/6877.pdf |access-date=2008-06-16}}</ref> Governments of many nations have strict care requirements of NHPs kept in captivity. In the US, federal guidelines extensively regulate aspects of NHP housing, feeding, enrichment, and breeding.<ref name=usda_nhpresearch>{{cite web |title=Nonhuman Primates: Research Animals |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |work=Animal Welfare Information Center |url=http://awic.nal.usda.gov/nal_display/index.php?info_center=3&tax_level=3&tax_subject=169&topic_id=1078&level3_id=5345&level4_id=0&level5_id=0&placement_default=0 |access-date=2008-07-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003004620/http://awic.nal.usda.gov/nal_display/index.php?info_center=3&tax_level=3&tax_subject=169&topic_id=1078&level3_id=5345&level4_id=0&level5_id=0&placement_default=0 |archive-date=2008-10-03 }}</ref> European groups such as the [[European Coalition to End Animal Experiments]] are seeking a ban on all NHP use in experiments as part of the European Union's review of animal testing legislation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eceae.org/a1_directive.php |title=Directive 86/609 |publisher=European Coalition to End Animal Experiments |access-date=2008-10-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929214536/http://www.eceae.org/a1_directive.php |archive-date=2008-09-29}}</ref>