Editing Politics of Iran (section)

===Annual budgets===
{{Update section|date=February 2020}}

====2009–10====
In Iran's state budget for the [[Iranian calendar]] year 1388 (2009–2010), of the $102 billion earmarked for government spending,<ref name="turquoise">{{cite web|url=http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay09.pdf|title=Iran Investment monthly|date=May 2009|website=Turquoisepartners.com|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118064229/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay09.pdf|archive-date=18 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
*53% will be funded through [[Ministry of Petroleum (Iran)#Revenues from crude oil|revenues from the sale of crude oil and gas]],
*28% will come from taxes and the remaining
*19% from other sources such as the [[Privatization in Iran#Progress|privatization program]].<ref name="turquoise"/>

[[Ministry of Petroleum (Iran)#Revenues from crude oil|Oil revenues]] are calculated based on the [[Oil price|average price of $37.50 per barrel]] at the [[Iranian rial|US Dollar conversion rate]] of 9,500 Rials.<ref name="FT">{{cite web|last=Bozorgmehr|first=Najmeh|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/a1d2d898-0908-11df-ba88-00144feabdc0,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fa1d2d898-0908-11df-ba88-00144feabdc0.html%3Fnclick_check%3D1&_i_referer=|title=Ahmadi-Nejad unveils expansionary Iran budget|work=Financial Times|date=24 January 2010|access-date=7 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608202658/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/a1d2d898-0908-11df-ba88-00144feabdc0,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http:%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fa1d2d898-0908-11df-ba88-00144feabdc0.html%3Fnclick_check=1&_i_referer=&nclick_check=1|archive-date=8 June 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Iran balances its [[balance of payment|external accounts]] around $75 per barrel.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2010/10/iran-primer-the-oil-and-gas-industry.html PBS - Iran Primer: The Oil and Gas Industry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726062337/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2010/10/iran-primer-the-oil-and-gas-industry.html |date=26 July 2018 }}. Pbs.org, Retrieved 27 October 2010</ref>

====2010–11====
The budget for Iranian year 1389 (2010–2011), which starts on 21 March, amounts to $368.4bn, representing an increase of 31 per cent on the previous year and is based on a projected oil price of $60 a barrel compared with just $37.50 last year.<ref name="FT"/>

====2011–12====
The public budget was $165 billion (1,770 trillion rials) in [[Iranian calendar|Iranian year]] 2011–2012. The [[Iranian Parliament]] also approved a total budget of $508 billion (5,170 trillion rials) that factors in $54 billion from [[Iranian targeted subsidy plan#Budgeting|price hikes and subsidy cuts]] and aside from the government (or public budget) also includes spending for state-owned companies.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nasseri|first=Ladane|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-27/iran-parliament-cut-budget-2-25-before-approval-donya-reports.html|title=Iran Parliament Cut Budget 2.25% Before Approval, Donya Reports|publisher=Bloomberg|date=27 April 2011|access-date=7 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105064142/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-27/iran-parliament-cut-budget-2-25-before-approval-donya-reports.html|archive-date=5 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/05/20115918112150438.html|title=More subsidy cuts in Iran budget|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515075019/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/05/20115918112150438.html|archive-date=15 May 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The budget is based on an oil price of $81.5 per barrel. The value of the US dollar is estimated at [[Iranian rial#Value|IRR]] 10,500 for the same period. The 2011-12 total budget is ''40'' per cent bigger than previous year's (which stood at $368 billion) because of dropping subsidies on energy and food item.<ref name=":0" />

====2012–13====
The proposed budget for 2011–2012 amounts to 5.1 quadrillion [[Iranian rial|rials]] (approximately $416 billion).<ref name="mehrnews.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mehrnews.com/en/newsdetail.aspx?NewsID=1522851 |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419125436/http://www.mehrnews.com/en/newsdetail.aspx?NewsID=1522851 |archive-date=19 April 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The funding for running the government has been decreased by 5.6 percent and the government's tax revenues have been envisaged to rise by 20 percent.<ref name="mehrnews.com"/> The [[Military of Iran|defense budget]] shows an increase of 127 percent. The government also is seeking higher sums for development, [[Science in Iran|research]], and [[Healthcare in Iran|health projects]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/lawweb/servlet/lloc_news?disp3_l205403043_text|title=Global Legal Monitor: Iran: Criticism of Newly Proposed Budget - Global Legal Monitor - Law Library of Congress - Library of Congress|website=[[Library of Congress]]|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605170803/http://www.loc.gov/lawweb/servlet/lloc_news?disp3_l205403043_text|archive-date=5 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Approved budget of 5,660 trillion Rials $477 billion is based on an [[oil price]] of $85 per barrel and the average value of the U.S. dollar for the fiscal year has been projected to be 12,260 rials, allowing the government to gain $53.8 billion from [[Iranian targeted subsidy plan#Budgeting|subsidy cut]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/iran-parliament-approves-reduced-sanction-hit-budget-183642738--business.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712130442/http://news.yahoo.com/iran-parliament-approves-reduced-sanction-hit-budget-183642738--business.html|archive-date=2012-07-12|url-status=dead|title=Iran parliament approves reduced sanction-hit budget - Yahoo! News|access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> 

The approved total state budget figure shows an 11% increase in Rial terms, in comparison to the previous year's budget. Of this amount, $134 billion relates to the government's general budget and the remaining $343 billion relates to state-owned companies and organizations. Of the $134 billion for the government's general budget, $117 billion relates to operating expenditure and $17 billion is for infrastructure developments. The government's general budget for 2012–13 shows a 3.5% decline in comparison to the previous year, while the budget for state-owned companies and organisations has risen by 18.5%. Revenues from crude oil make up 37% of the state's total revenues in the budget. Revenues from taxes have been projected at 458 trillion Rials ($37 billion), which shows a 10% increase year-on-year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay12.pdf|title=Iran Investment monthly|date=May 2012|website=Turquoisepartners.com|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031023806/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay12.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In the first half of 2012, Iran announced in Majlis that it has taken in only 25% of its budgeted annual revenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/sep/1163.html|title=Iranian Government Facing Budget Shortfall|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611122445/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/sep/1163.html|archive-date=11 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[Arab Petroleum Investments Corporation|Apicorp]], Iran needs oil to average $127 a barrel in 2012 for its fiscal budget to break even.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/business/economy/iran-needs-oil-at-127-to-balance-budget-1.1060815|title=Iran needs oil at $127 to balance budget|author=Bloomberg|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605180406/http://gulfnews.com/business/economy/iran-needs-oil-at-127-to-balance-budget-1.1060815|archive-date=5 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

====2013–14====
In May 2013, the Iranian parliament approved a 7.27-quadrillion-rial (about $593 billion) national budget bill for 2013–14. The new national budget has forecast a 40% drop in oil revenues compared to the previous year's projected figure. The bill has set the price of oil at $95 per barrel, based on the official exchange rate of 12,260 rials for a U.S. dollar, which has been fixed by the [[Central Bank of Iran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/13/may/1225.html|title=Iranian Parliament passes $593 billion national budget bill|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122402/http://www.payvand.com/news/13/may/1225.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The budget law also includes income of 500 trillion Rials from the [[Iranian subsidy reform plan|subsidies reform plan]]. Out of this amount, 410 trillion Rials is allocated for direct cash handouts to those eligible who have registered and for social funds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Jun13.pdf|title=Iran Investment monthly|date=June 2013|website=Turquoisepartners.com|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232822/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Jun13.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

====2014–15====
Iran's earmarked government spending for the year starting in March 2014 at $75 billion, calculated on an open-market exchange rate, with an overall/"total" budget ceiling estimated at $265 billion. The draft budget estimates oil exports at about 1.1 million barrels per day (bpd). The 2014 budget assumes an average oil price of $100 per barrel, inflation at 21%, GDP growth at 3% and the official USD/IRR exchange rate at 26,000 [[Iranian rial]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1392/9/18/MainPaper/4671/Page/1/|title=Irandaily - No. 4671 - Front page. p. 1|access-date=18 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214025012/http://www.iran-daily.com/1392/9/18/MainPaper/4671/Page/1/|archive-date=14 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/iran-39-president-nuclear-deal-helped-economy-105703396.html|title=Iran's president: Nuclear deal has helped economy|date=8 December 2013|work=Yahoo News|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129102629/http://news.yahoo.com/iran-39-president-nuclear-deal-helped-economy-105703396.html|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/irans-budget-2014-taking-shape/1840387.html|title=Iran's 2014 Budget Taking Shape|work=VOA|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131165501/http://www.voanews.com/content/irans-budget-2014-taking-shape/1840387.html|archive-date=31 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.trend.az/capital/business/2235653.html|title=Iran's next year budget bill sees economic growth at 3%, inflation at 21%|date=29 January 2014|work=Trend|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705180948/http://en.trend.az/capital/business/2235653.html|archive-date=5 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The budget bill permits the government to use more than $35 billion in foreign finance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iran-daily.com/1392/9/28/MainPaper/4680/Page/1/|title=Irandaily - No. 4680 - Front page. p. 1|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131223210742/http://www.iran-daily.com/1392/9/28/MainPaper/4680/Page/1/|archive-date=23 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Capital expenditure]] is set to rise by 9.7%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay14.pdf|title=Iran Investment monthly|date=May 2014|website=Turquoisepartners.com|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714131412/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay14.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> 

The administration has set the goal of 519 trillion rials, (about $20.9 billion) government's income from implementation of the [[Iranian subsidy reform plan|subsidy reform plan]] in budget bill and will be likely forced to double fuel prices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azernews.az/analysis/63869.html|title=Iranian government likely forced to double fuel prices|author=AzerNews|work=AzerNews|date=29 January 2014|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608102548/http://www.azernews.az/analysis/63869.html|archive-date=8 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2014, Parliament approved a ''total'' budget bill worth 7,930 trillion rials ($319 billion at the official exchange rate).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/reu-Iranian-parliament-passes-budget-in-win-for-rouhani/1848089.html|title=Iranian Parliament Passes Budget in Win for Rouhani|work=VOA|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129191850/http://www.voanews.com/content/reu-Iranian-parliament-passes-budget-in-win-for-rouhani/1848089.html|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The International Monetary Fund has estimated Iran needs an oil price above $130 a barrel to balance its 2015-state budget; Brent crude was below $80 a barrel in November 2014. The IMF estimated in October 2014 that Iran would run a general government deficit of $8.6 billion in 2015, at the official exchange rate, to be compensated by drawing on the [[National Development Fund]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/iran-draw-sovereign-fund-withstand-152150684.html;_ylt=AwrBEiEvaGhUIzsAwnHQtDMD|title=Iran to draw on sovereign fund to withstand oil price slide|date=15 November 2014|work=Yahoo Finance|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815164249/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/iran-draw-sovereign-fund-withstand-152150684.html;_ylt=AwrBEiEvaGhUIzsAwnHQtDMD|archive-date=15 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

====2015–16====
Iran's 2015 proposed budget is nearly $300 billion. The overall/"total" budget shows a 4% growth compared with the 2014 budget. The budget assumes
that the country exports 1 million barrels per day of crude oil and 0.3 million barrels per day of gas condensates at an average price of $72 per barrel of crude.<ref>[http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Jan15.pdf Iran Investment Monthly (January 2015)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231309/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Jan15.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}. Turquoise Partners. Retrieved 25 February 2015.</ref> The official exchange rate is projected to be on average US$28,500/IRR.<ref name=article2/> Dependency on oil exports in this overall budget bill has dropped to 25% (down from over 30% of government revenues in 2014.){{citation needed|date=July 2021}} The plan is to increase [[Taxation in Iran|taxation on large organizations]] by reducing tax evasion/exemption. The Iranian state is the biggest player in the economy, and the annual budget strongly influences the outlook of [[Industry of Iran|local industries]] and [[Tehran Stock Exchange|the stock market]]. The 2015 budget is not expected to bring much growth for many of the domestic industries.<ref name=article2>{{cite news|title=Iran's Neoliberal Austerity-Security Budget|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/15/feb/1076.html|access-date=21 February 2015|date=16 February 2015|website=Payvand.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821225253/http://www.payvand.com/news/15/feb/1076.html|archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Dec14.pdf Iran Investment Monthly (December 2014)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226074830/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Dec14.pdf |date=26 February 2015 }}. Turquoise Partners. Retrieved 25 February 2015.</ref> 

An average oil price of $50 for the coming year would result in a deficit of $7.5 billion. The government can lower this deficit by increasing the official exchange rate but this will trigger higher inflation.<ref name =article1>[http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Jan15.pdf Iran Investment Monthly (January 2015)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231309/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Jan15.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}. Turquoise Partners. Retrieved 26 February 2015.</ref> The proposed expenses are $58 billion including $39 billion is salary and pension payments to government employees. Proposed development expenditure amounts to $17 billion.<ref name =article1/> [[Science in Iran#Budget|R&D's share in the GNP]] is at 0.06% (where it should be 2.5% of GDP)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Memorandum of the foreign trade regime of Iran|publisher=[[Ministry of Commerce (Iran)|Ministry of Commerce]]|date=November 2009|url=http://www.irantradelaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Irans-Foreign-Trade-Regime-Report.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713054415/http://www.irantradelaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Irans-Foreign-Trade-Regime-Report.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=248319|title=Govt. favors weaning research from national budget|date=29 July 2015|website=Tehrantimes.com|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610230855/http://tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=248319|archive-date=10 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Science in Iran#Private sector|industry-driven R&D]] is almost non‑existent.<ref name=article2/>

====2016–17====
Proposed government budget is 9.52-quadrillion [[Iranian rial]]s (about 262 billion US dollars).<ref name=TT2/> Assumptions made in the budget are $50 billion in [[Foreign direct investment in Iran|foreign investment]] and foreign loans, 5-6% GDP growth and 11% inflation.<ref name=TT2/> Sixty-five percent of the budget is to be financed through [[Taxation in Iran|taxation]] and the remaining 35% from [[Central Bank of Iran#Oil revenues|oil sales]], based on 2.25 million barrels of oil sales per day, an average [[oil price]] of 40 dollars a barrel and [[Iranian rial#Value|US dollar-Iranian rial exchange rate]] at 29,970.<ref name=TT2>{{cite news|title=Rouhani presents $262b budget bill to Majlis|agency=Tehran Times Social Desk|url=http://tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=252294|date=18 January 2016|access-date=24 January 2016|work=Tehran Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131065735/http://tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=252294|archive-date=31 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the [[Economy of Iran#National planning|sixth five-year development plan]] (2016-2021), the [[Iranian subsidy reform plan|subsidy reform plan]] is to continue until 2021.<ref name=TT2/>

An amendment to the budget was passed in August 2016. This amendment allows the government to issue [[Banking in Iran#Bond market|debt based instruments]] and the use of [[Central Bank of Iran#Foreign reserves|forex reserves]] in an attempt to clear its [[Politics of Iran#External debts|debt to the private sector]], including [[Construction industry of Iran|contractors]], [[Banking and insurance in Iran|banks and insurers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turquoisepartners.com/media/1244/iim-oct16.pdf|title=Iran Investment monthly|date=October 2016|website=Turquoisepartners.com|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905031409/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/media/1244/iim-oct16.pdf|archive-date=5 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

====2021-22====
{{main|2021–22 Iranian national budget}}

====2022-23====
{{main|2022–23 Iranian national budget}}