Editing Polio (section)

==== Africa ====
[[File:Polio Vaccination - Egypt (16868521330).jpg|thumb|Polio vaccination in Egypt]]
In 2003, in [[Northern Region, Nigeria|northern Nigeria]]&nbsp;– a country that at that time was considered provisionally polio free&nbsp;– a [[fatwa]] was issued declaring that the polio vaccine was designed to render children sterile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unicef.org/cbsc/index_49534.html |title=Polio Eradication Efforts in Nigeria and India |access-date=25 December 2013 |website=UNICEF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225195534/http://www.unicef.org/cbsc/index_49534.html |archive-date=25 December 2013}}</ref> Subsequently, polio reappeared in Nigeria and spread from there to several other countries. In 2013, nine health workers administering polio vaccine were targeted and killed by gunmen on motorcycles in [[Kano (city)|Kano]], but this was the only attack.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21381773 |title=Nigeria polio vaccinators shot dead in Kano |publisher=BBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228034024/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21381773 |archive-date=28 December 2014 |date=8 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-33650543 |publisher=BBC News |title=Nigeria marks one year without recorded polio case |date=24 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724162448/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-33650543 |archive-date=24 July 2015}}</ref> Local traditional and religious leaders and polio survivors worked to revive the campaign,<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-polio-nigeria-idUSKCN0PX2RF20150723 |publisher=Reuters |title=Nigeria marks polio-free year, raising global eradication hopes |date=23 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119091530/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/23/us-health-polio-nigeria-idUSKCN0PX2RF20150723 |archive-date=19 November 2015}}</ref> and Nigeria was removed from the polio-endemic list in September 2015 after more than a year without any cases,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/nigeria-polio/en/ |publisher=[[WHO]] |title=WHO Removes Nigeria from Polio-Endemic List |date=26 September 2015 |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119165136/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/nigeria-polio/en/ | archive-date=19 January 2016 }}</ref> only to be restored to the list in 2016 when two cases were detected.<ref name=Nigeria2016>{{cite web|title=Government of Nigeria reports 2 wild polio cases, first since July 2014|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/nigeria-polio/en/|website=WHO|access-date=15 August 2016|date=11 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815045938/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/nigeria-polio/en/|archive-date=15 August 2016}}</ref>

Africa was declared free of wild polio in August 2020, although cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 continue to appear in several countries.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Guglielmi |first=Giorgia |date=2020-08-28 |title=Africa declared free from wild polio — but vaccine-derived strains remain |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02501-3 |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/d41586-020-02501-3 |pmid=32860027 |s2cid=221365928 |access-date=1 July 2022 |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701110900/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02501-3 |url-status=live}}</ref>

A single case of wild polio that was detected in [[Malawi]] in February 2022, and another in [[Mozambique]] in May 2022 were both of a strain imported from Pakistan and do not affect the African region's wild poliovirus-free certification status.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malawi declares polio outbreak |url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/malawi-declares-polio-outbreak |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=WHO {{!}} Regional Office for Africa |archive-date=16 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616195336/https://www.afro.who.int/news/malawi-declares-polio-outbreak |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title=First polio outbreak in 30 years declared in Mozambique |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/05/1118502 |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=UN News |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701110841/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/05/1118502 |url-status=live}}</ref>