Editing Phonetics (section)

== Sign languages ==
Unlike spoken languages, words in [[sign language]]s are perceived with the eyes instead of the ears. Signs are articulated with the hands, upper body and head. The main articulators are the hands and arms. Relative parts of the arm are described with the terms [[proximal]] and [[distal]]. Proximal refers to a part closer to the torso whereas a distal part is further away from it. For example, a wrist movement is distal compared to an elbow movement. Due to requiring less energy, distal movements are generally easier to produce. Various factors – such as muscle flexibility and being considered [[taboo]] – restrict what can be considered a sign.{{Sfn|Baker|van den Bogaerde|Pfau|Schermer|p=229-235|2016}} Native signers do not look at their conversation partner's hands. Instead, their gaze is fixated on the face. Because [[peripheral vision]] is not as focused as the center of the visual field, signs articulated near the face allow for more subtle differences in finger movement and location to be perceived.{{Sfn|Baker|van den Bogaerde|Pfau|Schermer|p=236|2016}}

Unlike spoken languages, sign languages have two identical articulators: the hands. Signers may use whichever hand they prefer with no disruption in communication. Due to universal neurological limitations, two-handed signs generally have the same kind of articulation in both hands; this is referred to as the Symmetry Condition.{{Sfn|Baker|van den Bogaerde|Pfau|Schermer|p=229-235|2016}} The second universal constraint is the Dominance Condition, which holds that when two handshapes are involved, one hand will remain stationary and have a more limited set of handshapes compared to the dominant, moving hand.{{Sfn|Baker|van den Bogaerde|Pfau|Schermer|p=286|2016}} Additionally, it is common for one hand in a two-handed sign to be dropped during informal conversations, a process referred to as weak drop.{{Sfn|Baker|van den Bogaerde|Pfau|Schermer|p=229-235|2016}} Just like words in spoken languages, coarticulation may cause signs to influence each other's form. Examples include the handshapes of neighboring signs becoming more similar to each other ([[Assimilation (phonology)|assimilation]]) or weak drop (an instance of [[Deletion (phonology)|deletion]]).{{Sfn|Baker|van den Bogaerde|Pfau|Schermer|p=239|2016}}