Editing Phobia (section)

==Society and culture==

===Terminology===
{{Main|List of phobias}}<!-- [[Chemophobia#Definition and uses]] links here -->
The word ''phobia'' comes from the {{langx|el|φόβος}} (''phóbos''), meaning "fear" or "morbid fear". The regular system for naming specific phobias uses prefixes based on a Greek word for the object of the fear, plus the suffix ''[[-phobia]]''. [[Benjamin Rush]]'s 1786 satirical text, 'On the different Species of Phobia', established the term's dictionary sense of specific morbid fears.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Janssen DF | title = 'On the different Species of Phobia' and 'On the different Species of Mania' (1786): from popular furies to mental disorders in America | journal = Medical Humanities |publisher=BMJ Journals | volume = 47 | issue = 3 | pages = 365–374 | date = September 2021 | pmid = 33318050 | doi = 10.1136/medhum-2020-011859 | s2cid = 229163411 }}</ref> However, many phobias are irregularly named with Latin prefixes, such as apiphobia instead of [[Fear of bees|melissaphobia]] (fear of bees) or [[Fear of Flying|aviphobia]] instead of ornithophobia (fear of birds). Creating these terms is something of a [[word game]]. Such fears are psychological rather than physiological in origin, and few of these terms are found in medical literature.<ref>{{citation| vauthors = Abbasi J |date=25 Jul 2011 |title=Is Trypophobia a real phobia?|url=http://www.popsci.com/trypophobia|website=Popular Science|access-date=10 Apr 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407215939/http://www.popsci.com/trypophobia|archive-date=2016-04-07}}</ref> In ancient [[Greek mythology]] [[Phobos (mythology)|Phobos]] was the twin brother of [[Deimos (mythology)|Deimos]] (terror).

The word ''phobia'' may also refer to conditions other than true phobias. For example, the term ''hydrophobia'' is an old name for [[rabies]], since an aversion to water is one of that disease's symptoms. A specific phobia to water is called [[aquaphobia]] instead. A [[hydrophobe]] is a chemical compound that repels water. Similarly, [[photophobia]] usually refers to a physical complaint (aversion to light due to inflamed eyes or excessively dilated pupils), rather than an irrational fear of light.

===Non-medical, deterrent and political use===<!-- This section is linked from [[Transphobia]]-->

Several terms with the suffix [[-phobia]] are used non-clinically to imply irrational fear or hatred. Examples include:
* [[Chemophobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of [[chemistry]] and [[Chemical substance|synthetic chemicals]]
* [[Technophobia]] – Irrational fear of or discomfort with [[electronics]]
* [[Xenophobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of foreigners, strangers or the unknown, sometimes used to describe [[Opposition to immigration|anti-immigration]] [[Ultranationalism|nationalistic]] political beliefs and movements
* [[Oikophobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of one's home, home country, or home culture
* [[Homophobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of [[homosexuality]] or people who identify or perceived as being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender ([[LGBT]])<ref>{{cite book |year=2008 |title=homophobia |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191834837.001.0001/acref-9780191834837-e-193?rskey=bIp3dy&result=194 |access-date=2022-07-13 |work=Oxfordreference.com |isbn=978-0-19-183483-7 |last1=Griffin |first1=Gabriele |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>
* [[Islamophobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of [[Islam]]
* [[Hinduphobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred for [[Hindus]] or [[Hinduism]] 
* [[Anti-Indian sentiment|Indophobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of [[Indian people]]
* [[Biphobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of [[bisexual]] people
* [[Transphobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of [[transgender]] or [[Non-binary gender|non-binary]] people
* [[Christophobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of [[Christianity]] or [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]]
* [[Antisemitism|Judeophobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of [[Jews]]
* [[Europhobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of [[Europe]], the [[culture of Europe|culture]], or [[Ethnic groups in Europe|peoples]] of Europe
* [[Anti-Romanian sentiment|Romanophobia]] – Irrational fear or hatred of [[Romanians]]

Usually, these kinds of "phobias" are described as fear, dislike, disapproval, [[prejudice]], [[hatred]], [[discrimination]], or hostility towards the object of the "phobia".  It is a form of [[hyperbole]].

=== Popular culture ===
A number of films and TV shows have portrayed individuals with a variety of phobic disorders.

==== Movies ====

* [[The Benchwarmers|''Benchwarmers'']] –  Howie Goodman (Nick Swardson) is portrayed as being agoraphobic and [[Heliophobia|heliophobic]].<ref>{{Citation | vauthors = Dugan D |title=The Benchwarmers |date=2006-04-07 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0437863/ |type=Comedy, Sport |publisher=Revolution Studios, Happy Madison Productions |access-date=2022-03-08}}</ref>

==== Television shows ====

* [[Game On (British TV series)|''Game On'']] – Matthew Malone (portrayed by [[Ben Chaplin]], then [[Neil Stuke]]) is an [[agoraphobia|agoraphobe]], sharing a flat with two childhood friends.
* [[Monk (TV series)|''Monk'']] – Adrian Monk (Tony Shalhoub) is a former homicide detective and a consultant for the San Francisco Police Department. He has an extreme case of [[OCD]], and is well known for his various fears and phobias, including (but certainly not limited to) heights, snakes, elephants, crowds, glaciers, rodeos, wind, and milk.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-03 |title=Monk TV Series, Detective Monk Television Show – USA Network |url=http://www.usanetwork.com/series/monk/ |access-date=2022-03-08 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103170616/http://www.usanetwork.com/series/monk/ |archive-date=3 November 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Shameless (American TV series)|''Shameless'' (American TV series)]] – Sheila Jackson (Joan Cusack) has agoraphobia and [[mysophobia]] (fear of germs).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shameless |url=https://www.sho.com/shameless |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=SHO.com |language=en-US}}</ref>