Editing Paris Commune (section)

=== Composition of the National Guard ===
[[File:Barricade Paris 1871 by Pierre-Ambrose Richebourg.jpg|thumb|A barricade constructed by the Commune in April 1871 on the Rue de Rivoli near the Hotel de Ville. The figures are blurred due to the camera's lengthy exposure time, an effect commonly seen in early photographs.]]

Since every able-bodied man in Paris was obliged to be a member of the National Guard, the Commune on paper had an army of about 200,000 men on 6 May; the actual number was much lower, probably between 25,000 and 50,000 men. At the beginning of May, 20 percent of the National Guard was reported absent without leave.{{sfn|Milza|2009a|p=319}}

By the end of the Commune, 43,522 prisoners were captured, 7,000 to 8,000 Communards had gone into exile abroad, and an estimated 10 to 15,000 Communards were killed, giving a total Commune force of about 65,000 men.

The National Guard had hundreds of cannons and thousands of rifles in its arsenal, but only half of the cannons and two-thirds of the rifles were ever used. There were heavy naval cannons mounted on the [[Thiers wall|ramparts of Paris]], but few national guardsmen were trained to use them. Between the end of April and 20 May, the number of trained artillerymen fell from 5,445 to 2,340.{{sfn|Milza|2009a|p=319}}

The officers of the National Guard were elected by the soldiers, and their leadership qualities and military skills varied widely. Gustave Cluseret, the commander of the National Guard until his dismissal on 1 May, had tried to impose more discipline in the force, disbanding many unreliable units and making soldiers live in barracks instead of at home. He recruited officers with military experience, particularly [[Polish people|Poles]] who had fled to France in 1863, after the Russians quelled the [[January Uprising]]; they played a prominent role in the last days of the Commune.{{sfn|Milza|2009a|p=317}} One of these officers was General [[Jaroslav Dombrowski]] ({{langx|pl|Jarosław Żądło-Dąbrowski}}), a Polish noble and a former [[Imperial Russian Army]] officer, who was appointed commander of the Commune forces on the right bank of the Seine. On 5 May, he was appointed commander of the Commune's whole army. Dombrowski held this position until 23 May, when he was killed while defending the city barricades.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zdrada |first=Jerzy |url=http://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=144915&from=FBC |title=Jarosław Dąbrowski 1836–1871 |publisher=Wydawnictwo Literackie |year=1973 |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220011704/http://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=144915&from=FBC |archive-date=20 February 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>