Editing Odesa (section)

== Transport ==

=== Maritime transport ===
{{further|UkrFerry|Black Sea Shipping Company}}
[[File:Украина, Одесса - Морской вокзал 22.jpg|right|thumb|Odesa has long been an important [[Black Sea]] port.]]

Odesa is a major maritime-transport hub that includes several ports including [[Port of Odesa]], [[Port of Chornomorsk]] (ferry, freight), [[Pivdennyi Port|Pivdennyi]] (freight only). The Port of Odesa became a provisional headquarters for the [[Ukrainian Navy]], following the Russian occupation of Crimea in 2014. Before the [[fall of the Soviet Union]], the Port of Odesa harbored the major Soviet cruise line [[Black Sea Shipping Company]].

Passenger ships and ferries connect Odesa with [[Istanbul]], [[Haifa]] and [[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]], whilst river cruises can occasionally be booked for travel up the [[Dnieper River]] to cities such as [[Kherson]], [[Dnipro]] and [[Kyiv]].

=== Roads and automotive transport ===
[[File:Odessa road.jpg|thumb|The M05 Highway links Odesa with the nation's capital, Kyiv. The Odesa junction.]]

The first car in the Russian Empire, a [[Mercedes-Benz]] belonging to V. Navrotsky, came to Odesa from France in 1891.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} He was a popular city publisher of the newspaper ''Odesskii listok'' ("Odesa leaf").

Odesa is linked to the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, by the [[M05 highway (Ukraine)|M05 Highway]], a high quality multi-lane road which is set to be re-designated, after further reconstructive works, as an 'Avtomagistral' (motorway) in the near future. Other routes of national significance, passing through Odesa, include the M16 Highway to [[Moldova]], M15 to [[Izmail]] and [[Romania]], and the [[Highway M14 (Ukraine)|M14]] which runs from Odesa, through [[Mykolaiv]] and [[Kherson]] to Ukraine's eastern border with Russia. The M14 is of particular importance to Odesa's maritime and shipbuilding industries as it links the city with Ukraine's other large deep water port [[Mariupol]] which is located in the south east of the country.

Odesa also has a well-developed system of inter-urban municipal roads and minor beltways. However, the city is still lacking an extra-urban bypass for transit traffic which does not wish to proceed through the city centre.

Intercity bus services are available from Odesa to many cities in Russia (Moscow, [[Rostov-on-Don]], [[Krasnodar]], [[Pyatigorsk]]), Germany (Berlin, Hamburg and [[Munich]]), Greece ([[Thessaloniki]] and [[Athens]]), [[Bulgaria]] ([[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]] and [[Sofia]]) and several cities of [[Ukraine]] and Europe.

=== Railways ===
[[File:Будівля залізничного вокзалу 01.jpg|thumb|right|Odesa Holovna is one of Ukraine's largest railway terminals. Every day trains depart to many national and international destinations.]]

Odesa is served by a number of railway stations and halts, the largest of which is [[Odesa railway station|Odesa Holovna]] (Main Station). From this station services connect Odesa with [[Warsaw]], Prague, [[Bratislava]], Vienna, Berlin, Moscow, [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], the cities of Ukraine and many other cities of the former USSR. The city's first railway station was opened in the 1880s. During the Second World War, the iconic building of the main station, which had long been considered to be one of the [[Russian Empire]]'s premier stations, was destroyed through enemy action.

In 1952 the station was rebuilt to the designs of A Chuprina. The current station, which is characterised by its many [[Socialist Realism|socialist-realist]] architectural details and grand scale, was renovated by the state railway operator [[Ukrainian Railways]] in 2006.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

=== Public transport ===
[[File:Tramways d'Odessa 1881.jpg|left|thumb|Share of the Belgian company "Tramways d'Odessa", issued 24 August 1881]]
[[File:Oděsa, Sofijska, tramvaj.jpg|thumb|An [[Trams in Odesa|Odesa tram]] on Sofievska Street]]

In 1881, Odesa became the first city in Imperial Russia to have steam tramway lines, an innovation that came only one year after the establishment of [[horsecar|horse tramway]] services in 1880 operated by the "Tramways d'Odessa", a Belgian owned company.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} The first [[Narrow-gauge railway|metre-gauge]] steam tramway line ran from Railway Station to Great Fontaine and the second one to Hadzhi Bey Liman. These routes were both operated by the same Belgian company. Electric tramway started to operate on 22 August 1907. Trams were imported from Germany.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

The city's [[public transport|public transit]] system is currently made up of trams,<ref name="trams">{{cite web|url=http://www.dgmaestro.com/tram|title=Odessa Tram Themes|access-date=2 May 2006|archive-date=11 March 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050311074800/http://www.dgmaestro.com/tram/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[trolleybus]]es, buses and fixed-route taxis ([[marshrutka]]s). Odesa also has a [[Aerial lift|cable car]] to [[Vidrada]] Beach,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cable car to beach "Otrada" - Odesa |url=http://wikimapia.org/6811754/Cable-car-to-beach-Otrada |access-date=21 February 2023 |website=wikimapia.org |language=en |archive-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104141617/http://wikimapia.org/6811754/Cable-car-to-beach-Otrada |url-status=live }}</ref> and recreational ferry service. There are two routes of public transport which connect Odesa Airport with the city center: trolley-bus No.14 and marshrutka No.117.<ref>[https://leodessa.com/odessa-public-transport/ Odessa tour guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003091810/https://leodessa.com/odessa-public-transport/ |date=3 October 2019 }}. leodessa.com</ref>

One additional mode of transport in Odesa is the [[Potemkin Stairs]] [[Odesa Funicular|funicular railway]], which runs between the city's Primorsky Bulvar and the sea terminal, has been in service since 1902. In 1998, after many years of neglect, the city decided to raise funds for a replacement track and cars. This project was delayed on multiple occasions but was finally completed eight years later in 2005.<ref>[http://www.odessaguide.net/sights_cablecar.en.html Odessa Sights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104141624/http://www.odessaguide.net/sights_cablecar.en.html |date=4 November 2016 }}. odessaguide.net</ref> The [[funicular]] has now become as much a part of historic Odesa as the staircase to which it runs parallel.

=== Air transport ===
[[Odesa International Airport]], which is located to the south-west of the city centre, is served by a number of airlines. The airport is also often used by citizens of neighbouring countries for whom Odesa is the nearest large city and who can travel visa-free to Ukraine.

Transit flights from the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East to Odesa are offered by [[Ukraine International Airlines]] through their hub at Kyiv's [[Boryspil International Airport]].