Editing Nobel Prize (section)

===Gender===
{{See also|List of female Nobel laureates|List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize}}
In terms of the most prestigious awards in [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] fields, only a small proportion have been awarded to women. Out of 210 laureates in Physics, 181 in Chemistry and 216 in Medicine between 1901 and 2018, there were only three female laureates in physics, five in chemistry and 12 in medicine.<ref>''[https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/ Nobel Prize Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815021423/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/ |date=15 August 2018 }}'', Nobel Foundation, 2014. (accessed 29 October 2014)</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002315/231519e.pdf |title=A Complex Formula: Girls and Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in Asia |publisher=UNESCO |year=2015 |isbn=978-92-9223-492-8 |location=Paris |pages=23 |access-date=3 May 2017 |archive-date=15 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115233123/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002315/231519e.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>''[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-chemistry/ Nobel Prize in Chemistry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523074546/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-chemistry |date=23 May 2020 }}'' Nobel Foundation 2018 (accessed 3 October 2018)</ref><ref>''[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-laureates-in-physiology-or-medicine/ Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523072810/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-laureates-in-physiology-or-medicine |date=23 May 2020 }}'' Nobel Foundation 2018. (accessed 3 October 2018)</ref> Factors proposed to contribute to the discrepancy between this and the roughly equal [[human sex ratio]] include biased nominations, fewer women than men being active in the relevant fields, Nobel Prizes typically being awarded decades after the research was done (reflecting a time when [[gender bias]] in the relevant fields was greater), a greater delay in awarding Nobel Prizes for women's achievements making longevity a more important factor for women (one cannot be nominated for the Nobel Prize posthumously), and a tendency to omit women from jointly awarded Nobel Prizes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2018 |title=Nobel Prizes still struggle with wide gender disparity |language=en |work=CBC News |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/nobel-prizes-women-gender-1.4845225 |access-date=12 December 2018 |archive-date=11 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211141358/https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/nobel-prizes-women-gender-1.4845225 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Feeney |first=Mary K. |date=5 October 2018 |title=Why more women don't win science Nobels |url=http://theconversation.com/why-more-women-dont-win-science-nobels-104370 |journal=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |language=en |access-date=12 December 2018 |archive-date=12 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212024209/https://theconversation.com/why-more-women-dont-win-science-nobels-104370 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathi |first=Akshat |date=9 October 2017 |title=The Nobel Prize committee explains why women win so few prizes |url=https://qz.com/1097888/the-nobel-prize-committee-explains-why-women-win-so-few-prizes/ |access-date=12 December 2018 |website=Quartz |language=en |archive-date=14 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214024211/https://qz.com/1097888/the-nobel-prize-committee-explains-why-women-win-so-few-prizes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Devlin |first=Hannah |date=6 October 2017 |title=Why don't women win Nobel science prizes? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/06/women-win-nobel-science-prizes |access-date=12 December 2018 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915022136/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/06/women-win-nobel-science-prizes |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rose |first=Hilary |url=https://archive.org/details/lovepowerknowled00rose |title=Love, Power, and Knowledge: Towards a Feminist Transformation of the Sciences |date=1994 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-20907-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lovepowerknowled00rose/page/137 137] |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Siegel |first=Ethan |date=18 October 2018 |title=These 5 Women Deserved, And Were Unjustly Denied, A Nobel Prize In Physics |url=https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/these-5-women-deserved-and-were-unjustly-denied-a-nobel-prize-in-physics-7f769e28331 |journal=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |access-date=12 December 2018 |archive-date=28 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628012302/https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/these-5-women-deserved-and-were-unjustly-denied-a-nobel-prize-in-physics-7f769e28331 |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite these factors, Marie Curie is to date the only person awarded Nobel Prizes in two different sciences (Physics in 1903, Chemistry in 1911); she is one of only three people who have received two Nobel Prizes in sciences (see Multiple laureates below). [[Malala Yousafzai]] is the youngest person ever to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. When she received it in 2014, she was only 17 years old.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=20 October 2014 |title=Nobel Laureates by Age |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/age.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010190719/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/age.html |archive-date=10 October 2014 |access-date=20 October 2014 |publisher=nobelprize.org}}</ref>