Editing Nanjing (section)

==Transport==

Nanjing is the transport hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area. Different means of transport constitute a three-dimensional transport system that includes land, water and air. As in most other Chinese cities, public transport is the dominant mode of travel for the majority of citizens. As of October 2014, Nanjing had [[Yangtze River bridges and tunnels|four bridges and two tunnels]] over the [[Yangtze River]], linking districts north of the river with the city center on the south bank.<ref name=Yangtze>{{cite web |last=Yangtze Bridge |first=Fourth Nanjing |title=Nanjing Yangtze Fourth Bridge to open on Dec.24 (3) |url=http://english.people.com.cn/102774/8065911.html |work=People's Daily |access-date=May 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215052940/http://english.people.com.cn/102774/8065911.html |archive-date=December 15, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Rail===
[[File:201806 Departure Floor of Nanjingnan Station.jpg|thumb|Nanjing South Railway Station]]
Nanjing is an important railway hub in eastern China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www3.xinhuanet.com/chinanews/2009-07/15/content_17099897.htm |script-title=zh:伴随江苏铁路发展 南京将成长三角铁路交通枢纽 |work=Xinhua |date=July 15, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523160522/http://www3.xinhuanet.com/chinanews/2009-07/15/content_17099897.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2011 |access-date=May 29, 2014 }}</ref> It serves as rail junction for the [[Jinghu Railway|Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu)]] (which is itself composed of the old [[Jinpu Railway|Jinpu]] and [[Huning Railway]]s), [[Nanjing–Tongling Railway]] (Ningtong), [[Nanjing–Qidong Railway|Nanjing–Qidong (Ningqi)]], and the [[Nanjing–Xi'an Railway|Nanjing-Xi'an (Ningxi)]] which encompasses the [[Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway|Hefei–Nanjing Railway]].
Nanjing is connected to the [[high-speed rail in China#Track network|national high-speed railway network]] by [[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway]] and [[Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line]], with several more high-speed rail lines under construction. The main stations in Nanjing are Nanjing Station, Nanjing South Station, Jiangning Station, Lishui Station, Xianlin Station, Jiangning West Station, Nanjing East Station, Nanjing Passenger and Technical Station, as well as the new Nanjing North Station and Lukou Air-Rail Intermodal Transport Hub Station planning in. Among them, Nanjing Railway Station is the national railway hub station and China's top ten railway hubs, Nanjing South Railway Station is the national railway hub station and Asia's largest high-speed railway station, and Nanjing East Railway Station is the largest marshalling station in East China and the country's 15th largest railway network marshalling station. Nanjing Passenger Technology Station is a train technology station

Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by [[Nanjing Railway Station]] and [[Nanjing South Railway Station]], while other stations like [[Nanjing West Railway Station]], [[Zhonghuamen Railway Station]] and [[Xianlin Railway Station]] serve minor roles. [[Nanjing Railway Station]] was first built in 1968.<ref name="南京火车站">{{cite web |url=http://www.njstation.com/xxcx/czjs.aspx |script-title=zh:车站简介 |publisher=Nanjing railway station |year=2012 |access-date=November 29, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127171156/http://www.njstation.com/xxcx/czjs.aspx |archive-date=November 27, 2012 }}</ref> On November 12, 1999, the station was burnt in a serious fire.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/china/1999-11-12/31025.html |script-title=zh:南京火车站12日晨发生特大火灾 |work=[[Sina News]] |year=1999 |access-date=November 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529183719/http://news.sina.com.cn/china/1999-11-12/31025.html |archive-date=May 29, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Reconstruction of the station was finished on September 1, 2005. [[Nanjing South Railway Station]], which is one of the five hub stations on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, has officially been claimed as the largest railway station in Asia and the second largest in the world in terms of GFA (Gross Floor Area).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.huoche.com.cn/44809 |script-title=zh:南京火车站和北京南站变身 成全国新建改建范本 |script-website=zh:火车网 |year=2012 |access-date=November 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203061352/http://news.huoche.com.cn/44809 |archive-date=December 3, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Construction of Nanjing South Station began on January 10, 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1005/4/0/0/100540063.html?coluid=6&kindid=113&docid=100540063 |script-title=zh:中國評論新聞網 |website=chinareviewnews.com |access-date=May 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203115/http://www.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1005/4/0/0/100540063.html?coluid=6&kindid=113&docid=100540063 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The station was opened for public service in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://udn.com/NEWS/MAINLAND/MAI2/6427129.shtml |script-title=zh:亞洲最大 京滬高鐵南京南站啟用 – 聯合報 |access-date=May 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702121253/http://udn.com/NEWS/MAINLAND/MAI2/6427129.shtml |archive-date=July 2, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Aviation ===
[[File:201712 End of a Concourse of NKG T2.jpg|thumb|Nanjing Lukou International Airport, NKG]]
Nanjing's airport, [[Nanjing Lukou International Airport|Lukou International Airport]] (NKG), serves both national and international destinations. In 2013, Nanjing airport handled 15,011,792 passengers and 255,788.6 tonnes of freight.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hd.caac.gov.cn/TJXX/201403/P020140306379512164336.xlsx |script-title=zh:2013年华东机场生产数据排序 |date=March 6, 2014 |publisher=Civil Aviation Administration of China East China Regional Administration |language=zh-hans |access-date=March 9, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309190254/http://hd.caac.gov.cn/TJXX/201403/P020140306379512164336.xlsx |archive-date=March 9, 2014 }}</ref> The airport currently has 85 routes to national and international destinations, which include Japan,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://airlineroute.net/2015/06/08/mu-nkgfsz-jul15/ |title=China Eastern Adds Nanjing – Shizuoka Service from July 2015 |publisher=Airlineroute.net |date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=June 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609024425/http://airlineroute.net/2015/06/08/mu-nkgfsz-jul15/ |archive-date=June 9, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Korea]], [[Thailand]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://airlineroute.net/2015/05/27/xw-nkg-jun15update4 |title=NokScoot Revises Nanjing Launch to mid-June 2015 |publisher=Airlineroute.net |date=May 27, 2015 |access-date= May 27, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150527210209/http://airlineroute.net/2015/05/27/xw-nkg-jun15update4/ |archive-date= May 27, 2015 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Bamrung |last=Amnatcharoenrit |title=AirAsia flies out of Don Mueang without a hitch |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/AirAsia-flies-out-of-Don-Mueang-without-a-hitch-30191480.html |location=Bangkok |newspaper=The Nation |date=October 2, 2012 |access-date=October 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005004213/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/AirAsia-flies-out-of-Don-Mueang-without-a-hitch-30191480.html |archive-date=October 5, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Malaysia]], Singapore, United States<ref>{{cite news |title=China Eastern, Delta and Hainan Airlines' new routes accelerate US-China aviation development |url=http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/china-eastern-delta-and-hainan-airlines-new-routes-accelerate-us-china-aviation-development-210537 |access-date= March 11, 2015 |work=Centre for Aviation |date=February 23, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150225145028/http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/china-eastern-delta-and-hainan-airlines-new-routes-accelerate-us-china-aviation-development-210537 |archive-date= February 25, 2015 |url-status= live }}</ref> and Germany. The airport is connected by a {{cvt|29|km|adj=on}} highway directly to the city center, and is also linked to various intercity highways, making it accessible to the passengers from the surrounding cities. A railway [[Ninggao Intercity Rail Line|Ninggao Intercity Line]] has been built to link the airport with [[Nanjing South Railway Station]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://roll.sohu.com/20111228/n330518893.shtml |script-title=zh:南京开建地铁机场线 第一次地铁将抵达机场 |script-work=zh:中国江苏网 |via=Sohu |date=December 28, 2011 |access-date=May 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203024619/http://roll.sohu.com/20111228/n330518893.shtml |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Lukou Airport was opened on June 28, 1997, replacing [[Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport]] as the main airport serving Nanjing. Dajiaochang Airport is still used as a military air base.<ref name="nje">{{cite web |url=http://njdfz.nje.cn/UpLoadFile/html/%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%971-4%E5%86%8C/html/CNoame091.html |script-title=zh:大校场机场 |trans-title=Dajiaochang Airport |work=Nanjing City Chronicles |publisher=Nanjing City Government |language=zh-hans |access-date=September 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203093757/http://njdfz.nje.cn/UpLoadFile/html/%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%971-4%E5%86%8C/html/CNoame091.html |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nanjing has another airport – Nanjing Ma'an International Airport which temporarily serves as a dual-use military and civil airport.

=== Shipping ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2024}}
Contemporary Nanjing Port is an important hub port in China and a first-class port open to the outside world. It is a multifunctional river-sea port in East China and the Yangtze River Basin for reloading, land and water transfer, cargo distribution and opening to the outside world. It is the only container railway and waterway in the Yangtze River Delta. A seamless port. The completion of the 12.5-meter deep-water channel project on the Yangtze River in Nanjing has made Nanjing Port the deepest inland international deep-water seaport, and it is also a comprehensive hub for China's global river-to-sea transshipment.

===Road===
[[File:Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge02.jpg|thumb|[[Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge]], built in 1968,<ref name="南京火车站" /> the first [[Yangtze River bridges and tunnels|bridge over the Yangtze River]] to be built without foreign assistance.]]
[[File:Nanjing traffic in city, 1989.jpg|thumb|Nanjing traffic in city center, 1989]]
As an important regional hub in the [[Yangtze River Delta]], Nanjing is well-connected by over 60 state and provincial highways to all parts of China.

Highways such as Hu–Ning, Ning–He, Ning–Hang enable commuters to travel to Shanghai, [[Hefei]], [[Hangzhou]], and other important cities quickly and conveniently. Inside the city of Nanjing, there are {{cvt|230|km|sp=us}} of highways, with a highway coverage density of 3.38&nbsp;kilometers per hundred square&nbsp;kilometers (5.44&nbsp;mi/100&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi). The total road coverage density of the city is 112.56&nbsp;kilometers per hundred square&nbsp;kilometers (181.15&nbsp;mi/100&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi).<ref name="数字交通">{{cite web |url=http://www.njjt.gov.cn/col/col28/index.html |script-title=zh:数字交通 |publisher=Nanjing Bureau of Transport |access-date=November 28, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415063734/http://www.njjt.gov.cn/col/col28/index.html |archive-date=April 15, 2012}}</ref> The two artery roads in Nanjing are Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong Road are also the two main roads which cross each other in the city center, Xinjiekou.

'''Expressways''' {G+XXxx (National Express, {{lang|zh-Hans|国家高速}}), S+XX ({{lang|zh-Hans|省级高速}})}:
* [[G25 Changchun–Shenzhen Expressway]]
* [[G36 Nanjing–Luoyang Expressway]]
* [[G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway]]
* [[G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway]]
* [[G4211 Nanjing–Wuhu Expressway]], a spur of G42 that extends west to [[Wuhu]], Anhui
* [[S55 Nanjing–Gaochun(Xuancheng) Expressway]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|宁宣高速或南京机场高速}})
* [[S38 Yanjiang Expressway]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|沿江高速或常合高速}})
* [[G2503 Nanjing Ring Expressway]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|新南京绕城高速或南京绕越高速}})
* [[S001 Nanjing Ring Highway]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|旧南京绕城高速或南京绕城公路}})

'''National Highway'''

Nanjing is a national comprehensive transportation hub, and its highway network density ranks among the top central cities in the country. As of 2019, the total mileage of Nanjing highways opened to traffic has reached 630 kilometers, and the highway network density has reached 9.56 kilometers per 100 square kilometers, ranking first in the country. With Nanjing as the center, Ninghu, Ninggao, Ningzhen, Ningyang, Ningchu, Ninglian, Ningtong, Ningchao, Ninghe, Ningluo, Ningma, Ningxuan, Ningyan, Ninghuai, Ningmu, Ningchang, Ninghang and other high-grade highways lead to Jiang surrounding provinces and cities in a radial pattern.

Main long-distance bus terminals: Nanjing Bus Station, Nanjing South Bus Station, Nanjing North Bus Station, Nanjing East Bus Station, Jiangning Bus Station, Lishui Bus Station, Gaochun Bus Station, Nanjing Getang Bus Station.

{G1xx (which starts from Beijing), G2xx (north-south), G3xx (west-east)}:
* [[China National Highway 104]]—motorists can either drive northwest to Beijing or south to [[Fuzhou]], Fujian.
* [[China National Highway 205]]—motorists can either drive north to [[Shanhaiguan District|Shanhaiguan]], Hebei or south to [[Shenzhen]], Guangdong.
* [[China National Highway 312]]—motorists can either drive east to Shanghai or west to [[Khorgas]], Xinjiang on the Kazakh border
* [[China National Highway 328]]—Nanjing is the western terminus of G328, which motorists can follow to [[Hai'an County]] in eastern Jiangsu

===Public transport===
{{see also|Nanjing Metro}}
[[File:ULuo-NanjingMetroMapofConstructionPlan2022.jpg|thumb|Nanjing Metro Construction Plan by 2022]]
The city has an efficient public transport network, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro systems. The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://finance.ifeng.com/money/roll/20120626/6654507.shtml |script-title= zh:南京三大公交企业新名称敲定 |work=[[Ifeng]] Finance |date=June 26, 2012 |access-date= May 29, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140529201302/http://finance.ifeng.com/money/roll/20120626/6654507.shtml |archive-date= May 29, 2014 |url-status= live}}</ref> At present, the [[Nanjing Metro]] system has a grand total of {{cvt|449|km}} of route and 208 stations across 12 lines. They are Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 7, Line 10, Line S1, Line S3, Line S6, Line S7, Line S8 and Line S9. The city is planning to complete a 17-line Metro and [[light-rail]] system by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://info.upla.cn/html/2009/10-23/147166.shtml |script-title= zh:南京轨道交通线网共17条 |website= upla.cn |date= October 23, 2009 |access-date= March 6, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110707051337/http://info.upla.cn/html/2009/10-23/147166.shtml |archive-date= July 7, 2011 |url-status= dead }}</ref> The expansion of the Metro network will greatly facilitate intracity transport and reduce the currently heavy traffic congestion.

Nanjing's first subway officially opened on September 3, 2005. It is the sixth city in mainland China to open a subway. As of 2019, Nanjing subway has 12 lines and 208 stations, with a total length of 449 kilometers and an average daily passenger flow. With more than 3.4 million passengers, the length of subway lines ranks seventh in China and eighth in the world.

As of the end of 2018, Nanjing had 6,909 buses, operating 468 bus lines, with a total length of {{cvt|7670.9|km}}, an average daily mileage of {{cvt|1,178|e6km}}, and an average daily passenger volume of 2,182 million. At present, Nanjing has eliminated buses below the National III standard and non-air-conditioned buses, and the number of pure electric buses ranks second in the world.

As of the end of 2019, there were more than 12,000 real-name certified taxis in Nanjing. The appearance of the taxis was mostly uniform yellow and black, and the royal blue luxury taxis were a minority.

As of July 2019, there are six online ride-hailing platforms in Nanjing, namely Meituan Taxi, Didi Chuxing, First Taxi-hailing, Cao Cao Special Car, Shenzhou Special Car, T3 Travel, and the current car qualification rate of each platform is 70% the above. At present, there are about 13,000 online car-hailing vehicles legally applying for "''car permits''" in Nanjing.

As of 2019, there are two lines of Nanjing trams. Nanjing Hexi Tram was officially put into operation on August 1, 2014. It is the world's first inter-area contactless tram, and China's first tram to be charged at a station. The line is about 7.76 kilometers long and has 13 stations., Including 4 subway transfer stations. The Nanjing Kylin Tram was officially put into operation on October 31, 2017. The line is about 8.95 kilometers long and has 15 stations, including 1 subway transfer station.