Editing Mallorca (section)

==Culture==

===Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria===
[[File:192 Monument a l'arxiduc Lluís Salvador, jardins de la Cartoixa (Valldemossa).jpg|thumb|left|upright|A sculpture of Ludwig Salvator in Mallorca]]
[[Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria]] ({{langx|ca|Arxiduc Lluís Salvador}}) was a pioneer of tourism in the Balearic Islands. He first arrived on the island in 1867, travelling under his title "Count of Neuendorf". He later settled in Mallorca, buying up wild areas of land in order to preserve and enjoy them. Nowadays, a number of hiking routes are named after him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mallorcaaventura.com/mallorca-trekking/article/cami-de-l-arxiduc |title=Camí de l'Arxiduc |language=ca |trans-title=Path of the Archduke |website=Mallorca Aventura |access-date=28 September 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128030528/http://www.mallorcaaventura.com/mallorca-trekking/article/cami-de-l-arxiduc |archive-date=28 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Ludwig Salvator loved the island of Mallorca. He became fluent in Catalan, carried out research into the island's flora and fauna, history, and culture to produce his main work, ''Die Balearen'', a comprehensive collection of books about the Balearic Islands, consisting of 7 volumes. It took him 22 years to complete.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ludwig-salvator.com/balearen.htm |title=Die Balearen in Wort und Bild |language=de |trans-title=The Balearic Islands in words and pictures |access-date=29 December 2014 |archive-date=29 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229203000/http://www.ludwig-salvator.com/balearen.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Nowadays, several streets or buildings on the island are named after him (i.e., ''Arxiduc Lluís Salvador'').

===Chopin in Mallorca===
[[File:Fryderyk Chopin Valldemosa.jpg|thumb|upright|Chopin's piano in [[Valldemossa]], Mallorca]]
The Polish composer and pianist [[Frédéric Chopin]], together with French writer Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin (pseudonym: [[George Sand]]), resided in [[Valldemossa]] in the winter of 1838–39. Apparently, Chopin's health had already deteriorated and his doctor recommended that he go to the Balearic Islands to recuperate, where he still spent a rather miserable winter.<ref>{{cite web |author=Nigel Tisdall |website=Travel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/spain/majorca/6905136/Majorca-sun-sand-and-Chopin.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/spain/majorca/6905136/Majorca-sun-sand-and-Chopin.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Majorca: sun, sand and Chopin  |date=29 December 2009 |access-date=29 December 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/george-sands-mallorca-a-hilltop-escape-that-dazzles-ndash-but-wrap-up-warm-2202358.html |title=George Sand's Mallorca |website=Independent |date=5 February 2011 |author=Mary Ann Sieghart |access-date=29 December 2014 |archive-date=17 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417000044/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/george-sands-mallorca-a-hilltop-escape-that-dazzles-ndash-but-wrap-up-warm-2202358.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Nonetheless, his time in Mallorca was a productive period for Chopin. He managed to finish the [[Preludes (Chopin)|Preludes]], Op. 28, that he started writing in 1835. He was also able to undertake work on his [[Ballade No. 2 (Chopin)|Ballade No. 2]], Op. 38; two Polonaises, Op. 40; and the [[Scherzo No. 3 (Chopin)|Scherzo No. 3]], Op. 39.<ref>Zamoyski (2010), p. 168 (loc. 2646).</ref>

===Literature===
French writer Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin (pseudonym: [[George Sand]]), at that time in a relationship with [[Chopin]], described her stay in Mallorca in ''[[A Winter in Majorca]]'', published in 1855. Other famous writers used Mallorca as the setting for their works. While on the island, the Nicaraguan poet [[Rubén Darío]] started writing the novel ''El oro de Mallorca'', and wrote several poems, such as ''La isla de oro''.<ref name=cervantes>{{cite web |url=http://cvc.cervantes.es/literatura/aih/pdf/03/aih_03_1_079.pdf |title=Rubén Darío en Mallorca |language=es |website=Centro Virtual Cervantes |access-date=30 December 2014 |archive-date=30 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230134125/http://cvc.cervantes.es/literatura/aih/pdf/03/aih_03_1_079.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The poet [[Miquel Costa i Llobera]] wrote in 1875 his famous ode, [[the Pine of Formentor]], as well as other poems concerning old Mallorcan traditions and fantasies. Many of the works of [[Baltasar Porcel]] take place in Mallorca.

[[File:Pollenca, lápida casa natal Miquel Costa I LLobera.jpg|thumb| House of the poet [[Miquel Costa i Llobera]]]]
[[Agatha Christie]] visited the island in the early 20th century and stayed in Palma and Port de Pollença.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.illesbalears.es/ing/majorca/home2.jsp?SEC=HOM&lang=0004&id=00002046 |title=Agatha Christie: inspired by Mallorca – Illes Balears |publisher=Govern de les Illes Balears |access-date=30 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230143751/http://www.illesbalears.es/ing/majorca/home2.jsp?SEC=HOM&lang=0004&id=00002046 |archive-date=30 December 2014}}</ref> She would later write the book ''[[Problem at Pollensa Bay and Other Stories]]'', a collection of short stories, of which the first one takes place in [[Port de Pollença]], starring [[Parker Pyne]].

[[Jorge Luis Borges]] visited Mallorca twice, accompanied by his family.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://balearsculturaltour.net/sabiasque_det.php?idioma=en&id=41&cod=103|title=Jorge Luis Borges and Mallorca|website=Balearsculturaltour|access-date=28 September 2017|archive-date=28 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928005316/http://balearsculturaltour.net/sabiasque_det.php?idioma=en&id=41&cod=103|url-status=live}}</ref> He published his poems ''La estrella'' (1920) and ''Catedral'' (1921) in the regional magazine ''Baleares''.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Argentine Cultural Ephemerides |url=http://www.me.gov.ar/efeme/jlborges/revistas.html |title=Jorge Luis Borges — Revistas y Diarios |language=es |trans-title=Jorge Luis Borges — Journals and Diaries |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230193948/http://www.me.gov.ar/efeme/jlborges/revistas.html |archive-date=30 December 2014}}</ref> The latter poem shows his admiration for the monumental [[Palma Cathedral|Cathedral of Palma]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/borges/espaarge/02e2.htm |title=Borges y España — Mallorca en Borges |language=es |trans-title=Borges and Spain — Mallorca in Borges |website=Centro Virtual Cervantes |author=Carlos Meneses |access-date=28 September 2017 |archive-date=2 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502071226/http://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/borges/espaarge/02e2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Nobel Prize]] winner [[Camilo José Cela]] came to Mallorca in 1954, visiting [[Pollença]], and then moving to [[Palma, Majorca|Palma]], where he settled permanently.<ref>{{cite magazine |language=es |trans-title=Captives on the island: In the death of Camilo José Cela |url=http://www.elcultural.com/revista/especial/Cautivos-en-la-isla/21976 |title=Cautivos en la isla: En la muerte de Camilo José Cela |author=José Carlos Llop |date=17 January 2002 |magazine=EL Cultural |access-date=3 January 2017 |archive-date=4 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104162423/http://www.elcultural.com/revista/especial/Cautivos-en-la-isla/21976 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1956, Cela founded the magazine ''Papeles de Son Armadans''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.papelesdesonarmadans.com/Revista.htm |title=El nacimiento de ''Papeles de Son Armadans'' |language=es |trans-title=The birth of ''Papeles de Son Armadans'' |website=Papeles de Son Armadans |access-date=28 September 2017 |archive-date=18 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518153432/http://www.papelesdesonarmadans.com/Revista.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is also credited as founder of [[Alfaguara]].
[[File:Lápida Robert Graves.jpg|thumb|left| Grave of Robert Graves]]
The English writer and poet [[Robert Graves]] moved to Mallorca with his family in 1946. The house is now a museum. He died in 1985 and was buried in the small churchyard on a hill at [[Deià]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/oct/27/robert-graves-simon-gough-go-between|title='I didn't just bury the past, I buried it alive'|first=Patrick|last=Barkham|date=27 October 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=10 October 2018|archive-date=10 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010213505/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/oct/27/robert-graves-simon-gough-go-between|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ira Levin]] set part of his dystopian novel ''[[This Perfect Day]]'' in Mallorca, making the island a centre of resistance in a world otherwise dominated by a computer.

===Music and dance===
The [[Ball dels Cossiers]] is the island's traditional dance. It is believed to have been imported from Catalonia in the 13th or 14th century, after the [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] conquest of the island under [[James I of Aragon|King Jaime I]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ritual made dance: the Ball dels Cossiers|url=http://www.illesbalears.travel/article/en/mallorca/ritual-made-dance-the-ball-dels-cossiers|website=Illes Balears|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406230949/http://www.illesbalears.travel/article/en/mallorca/ritual-made-dance-the-ball-dels-cossiers|url-status=live}}</ref> In the dance, three pairs of dancers, who are typically male, defend a "Lady," who is played by a man or a woman, from a [[demon]] or [[devil]]. Another Mallorcan dance is [[Correfoc]], an elaborate festival of dance and pyrotechnics that is also of Catalan origin. The island's folk music strongly resembles that of [[Catalonia]], and is centered around traditional instruments like the [[xeremies]] (bagpipe) and [[guitarra de canya]] (a reed or bone [[xylophone]]-like instrument suspended from the neck).<ref name=MyGuide>{{cite web|title=Traditional music and dance in Mallorca|url=https://www.myguidemallorca.com/regionalinfo/traditional-music-and-dance-in-mallorca|website=My Guide Mallorca|access-date=6 April 2018|date=9 September 2016|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001090732/https://www.myguidemallorca.com/regionalinfo/traditional-music-and-dance-in-mallorca|url-status=live}}</ref> While folk music is still played and enjoyed by many on the island, a number of other musical traditions have become popular in Mallorca in the 21st century, including [[electronic dance music]], classical music, and [[jazz]], all of which have annual festivals on the island.<ref>{{cite web|title=Music Scene in Mallorca|url=https://www.seemallorca.com/music/guide|website=See Majorca|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626221158/https://www.seemallorca.com/music/guide|archive-date=26 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Art===
[[Joan Miró]], a Spanish painter, sculptor, and ceramicist, had close ties to the island throughout his life. He married Pilar Juncosa in Palma in 1929 and settled permanently in Mallorca in 1954.<ref>{{cite web |language=es |url=http://miro.palmademallorca.es/pagina.php?Cod_fam=3 |website=Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró a Mallorca |title=Joan Miró en Mallorca |access-date=4 November 2012 |archive-date=1 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101233035/http://miro.palmademallorca.es/pagina.php?Cod_fam=3 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró in Mallorca]] has a collection of his works. [[Es Baluard]] in Palma is a museum of modern and contemporary art which exhibits the work of Balearic artists and artists related to the Balearic Islands.

===Film===
The [[Evolution Mallorca International Film Festival]] is the fastest growing Mediterranean film festival and has taken place annually every November since 2011, attracting filmmakers, producers, and directors globally. It is hosted at the Teatro Principal in Palma de Mallorca.<ref>{{cite web |website=abcMallorca |url=http://www.abc-mallorca.com/film-festival-mallorca/ |title=Evolution Mallorca International Film Festival |access-date=10 October 2015 |archive-date=7 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107234034/http://www.abc-mallorca.com/film-festival-mallorca/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2015}}

===Mallorcan cartographic school===
{{Main|Majorcan cartographic school}}
[[File:Majorca and Minorca by Piri Reis.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Map of Mallorca and Menorca by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] admiral [[Piri Reis]]]]
Mallorca has a long history of seafaring. The [[Majorcan cartographic school]] or the "[[Catalonia|Catalan]] school" refers to a collection of [[cartographer]]s, [[cosmographer]]s, and [[navigational instrument]] makers who flourished in Mallorca and partly in mainland [[Catalonia]] in the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries. Mallorcan cosmographers and cartographers developed breakthroughs in cartographic techniques, namely the "normal [[portolan chart]]", which was fine-tuned for navigational use and the plotting by compass of navigational routes, prerequisites for the discovery of the [[New World]].

===Cuisine===
[[File:Ensaimada.JPG|thumb|right|[[Ensaïmada|Ensaïmades]], a type of Mallorcan pastry]]
In 2005, there were over 2,400 restaurants on the island of Mallorca according to the Mallorcan Tourist Board, ranging from small bars to full restaurants.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} Olives and almonds are typical of the Mallorcan diet. Among the foods that are typical from Mallorca are ''[[sobrassada]]'', ''arròs brut'' (saffron rice cooked with chicken, pork and vegetables), and the sweet pastry ''[[ensaïmada]]''. Also Pa amb oli is a popular dish.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infomallorca.net/?te=sec&e=16983|title=Restaurants|publisher=Consell de Mallorca|website=Infomallorca|access-date=15 September 2018|archive-date=25 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025182634/https://www.mallorca.es/ca/?te=sec&e=16983|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Herbs de Majorca]] is a herbal liqueur.