Editing Lung (section)

===Inflammation and infection===
{{See also|Ghon focus}}
[[Inflammation|Inflammatory]] conditions of the lung tissue are [[pneumonia]], of the respiratory tract are [[bronchitis]] and [[bronchiolitis]], and of the [[pulmonary pleurae|pleurae]] surrounding the lungs [[pleurisy]]. Inflammation is usually caused by [[infection]]s due to [[bacteria]] or [[virus]]es. When the lung tissue is inflamed due to other causes it is called [[pneumonitis]]. One major cause of [[bacterial pneumonia]] is [[tuberculosis]].<ref name=DAVIDSONS2014 /> [[Chronic condition|Chronic]] infections often occur in those with [[immunodeficiency]] and can include a [[fungal infection]] by ''[[Aspergillus fumigatus]]'' that can lead to an [[aspergilloma]] forming in the lung.<ref name=DAVIDSONS2014 /><ref>{{cite web|title=Aspergilloma|website=Medical Dictionary|publisher=TheFreeDictionary|url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Aspergilloma}}</ref> In the US certain species of rat can transmit a [[hantavirus]] to humans that can cause untreatable [[hantavirus pulmonary syndrome]] with a similar presentation to that of [[acute respiratory distress syndrome]] (ARDS).<ref name="CDC1">{{cite web |title=Clinical Manifestation {{!}} Hantavirus {{!}} DHCPP {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/technical/hps/clinical-manifestation.html |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=7 January 2023 |language=en-us |date=21 February 2019}}</ref>

Alcohol affects the lungs and can cause inflammatory [[alcoholic lung disease]]. Acute exposure to alcohol stimulates the beating of [[cilia]] in the respiratory epithelium. However, chronic exposure has the effect of desensitising the ciliary response which reduces [[mucociliary clearance]] (MCC). MCC is an innate defense system protecting against pollutants and pathogens, and when this is disrupted the numbers of [[alveolar macrophage]]s are decreased. A subsequent inflammatory response is the release of [[cytokine]]s. Another consequence is the susceptibility to infection.<ref name="Arvers">{{cite journal |last1=Arvers |first1=P |title=[Alcohol consumption and lung damage: Dangerous relationships]. |journal=Revue des maladies respiratoires |date=December 2018 |volume=35 |issue=10 |pages=1039–1049 |doi=10.1016/j.rmr.2018.02.009 |pmid=29941207|s2cid=239523761 }}</ref><ref name="Slovinsky">{{cite journal |last1=Slovinsky |first1=WS |last2=Romero |first2=F |last3=Sales |first3=D |last4=Shaghaghi |first4=H |last5=Summer |first5=R |title=The involvement of GM-CSF deficiencies in parallel pathways of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and the alcoholic lung. |journal=Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) |date=November 2019 |volume=80 |pages=73–79 |doi=10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.07.006 |pmid=31229291|pmc=6592783 }}</ref>