Editing Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (section)

==== Prison ====
On 5 April 2018, Brazil's Supreme Federal Court (STF) voted 6–5 to deny Lula's ''[[habeas corpus]]'' petition.<ref>"[http://www.estadao.com.br/ao-vivo/supremo-condenacao-segunda-instancia "STF rejeita habeas corpus de Lula por 6 votos a 5"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405042237/http://www.estadao.com.br/ao-vivo/supremo-condenacao-segunda-instancia |date=5 April 2018 }}," ''Estadão Ao Vivo'', 5 April 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.</ref> The court ruled that Lula must begin serving his sentence relating to his 12 July 2017 graft conviction for taking bribes from an engineering firm in return for help land contracts with state-run oil company [[Petroleo Brasileiro SA]], despite him not having exhausted all of his appeals, but rather only one appeal, at which the appellate court had unanimously upheld his sentence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/05/americas/brazil-lula-ruling-corruption-election-intl/index.html|title=Judge orders arrest of ex-Brazil president Lula da Silva|first1=Daniel|last1=Silva|first2=Bard|last2=Wilkinson|date=5 April 2018|website=CNN|access-date=23 February 2024|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223111810/https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/05/americas/brazil-lula-ruling-corruption-election-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/brazil/2018/04/1963562-in-vote-of-6-to-5-federal-supreme-court-denies-lula-habeas-corpus.shtml|title=Internacional – En – Brazil – In Vote of 6 to 5, Federal Supreme Court Denies Lula Habeas Corpus|date=5 April 2018|website=Folha de S.Paulo|access-date=23 February 2024|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223111811/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/brazil/2018/04/1963562-in-vote-of-6-to-5-federal-supreme-court-denies-lula-habeas-corpus.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-brazil-politics-lula/brazil-judge-orders-ex-president-lula-jailed-by-friday-idUKKCN1HC2I3/|author=Anthony Boadie|title=Brazil judge orders ex-president Lula jailed by Friday|publisher= Reuters}}</ref> Brazilian financial markets rallied, as the decision increased the chances a market-friendly candidate winning the election.<ref name="auto1"/> Lula and his party vowed to continue his campaign from prison following the court's decision that he must surrender himself by 6 April.<ref>"[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/lula-verdict-plunges-brazil-into-political-chaos-ahead-of-presidential-election/2018/04/05/a215bb1a-386e-11e8-af3c-2123715f78df_story.html "Lula ordered to jail, plunging Brazil into political chaos ahead of presidential election,"] ''The Washington Post''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405220936/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/lula-verdict-plunges-brazil-into-political-chaos-ahead-of-presidential-election/2018/04/05/a215bb1a-386e-11e8-af3c-2123715f78df_story.html |date=5 April 2018 }}," 5 April 2018, Retrieved 5 April 2018.</ref> The head of Brazil's army, General Eduardo Villas Boas, called for Lula to be placed behind bars.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-lula/brazil-army-commander-repudiates-impunity-on-eve-of-lula-ruling-idUSKCN1HB09J "Brazil army commander 'repudiates impunity' on eve of Lula ruling,"] Reuters. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419053536/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-lula/brazil-army-commander-repudiates-impunity-on-eve-of-lula-ruling-idUSKCN1HB09J |date=19 April 2018 }} by Brad Brooks, published on 3 April 2018</ref> Following Judge Moro's issuance of an arrest warrant for Lula on 6 April 2018, Lula appealed to the UN Human Rights Committee to – in addition to his primary case – take emergency action by asking the government of Brazil to prevent his arrest until he had exhausted all appeals, arguing that the Brazilian Supreme Court had narrowly adopted its ruling with only six votes against five, which "shows the need for an independent court"; the Committee ultimately denied Lula's request.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theglobepost.com/2019/02/06/lula-imprisoned-brazil/|title=Former Brazil President Lula Given Nearly 13 years in New Conviction|date=6 February 2019|website=The Globe Post|language=en-US|access-date=14 June 2019|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421162013/https://theglobepost.com/2019/02/06/lula-imprisoned-brazil/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.gulf-times.com/story/588026/Lula-appeals-to-UN-and-court-in-bid-to-avoid-jail "Lula appeals to UN and court in bid to avoid jail,"] ''Gulf Times''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409184415/http://www.gulf-times.com/story/588026/Lula-appeals-to-UN-and-court-in-bid-to-avoid-jail |date=9 April 2018 }} published on 7 April 2018</ref> In June 2018, the Committee denied Lula's request.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://en.mercopress.com/2018/05/24/un-denies-lula-s-request-for-emergency-action-against-his-imprisonment|title=UN denies Lula's request for emergency action against his imprisonment|work=MercoPress|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620180613/http://en.mercopress.com/2018/05/24/un-denies-lula-s-request-for-emergency-action-against-his-imprisonment|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lula failed to turn himself in at the scheduled time,<ref>"[https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/07/600499624/lula-da-silva-brazils-beloved-ex-president-continues-resisting-order-to-surrende "Lula Da Silva, Brazil's Beloved Ex-President, Says He Will Surrender After Standoff"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407180724/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/07/600499624/lula-da-silva-brazils-beloved-ex-president-continues-resisting-order-to-surrende |date=7 April 2018 }}," NPR, 7 April 2018, Retrieved 7 April 2018.</ref> but he did so on the following day on 7 April 2018.<ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-43686174 "Lula: Former Brazilian president surrenders to police"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616160604/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-43686174 |date=16 June 2018 }}," BBC, 7 April 2018, Retrieved 7 April 2018.</ref> After Lula was imprisoned, protesters took to the streets in cities across Brazil.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-lula/brazils-lula-spends-first-night-in-jail-amid-fight-for-freedom-idUSKBN1HF0SL "Brazil's Lula spends first night in jail amid fight for freedom"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419053414/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-lula/brazils-lula-spends-first-night-in-jail-amid-fight-for-freedom-idUSKBN1HF0SL |date=19 April 2018 }} by Reuters staff. Published on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018</ref> Lula's imprisonment led to the formation of the [[Free Lula Movement]].

On 28 May 2018, the UN Human Rights Committee initiated an investigation into Lula's case.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/world/americas/lula-president-brazil.html|title=Brazilian Court Rules That 'Lula' Cannot Run for President|last1=Darlington|first1=Shasta|date=31 August 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=14 June 2019|last2=Andreoni|first2=Manuela|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612020210/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/world/americas/lula-president-brazil.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In August, the Committee "requested Brazil to take all necessary measures to ensure that Lula can enjoy and exercise his political rights while in prison, as candidate in the 2018 presidential elections"; Brazil's foreign ministry noted that the recommendation had no legal significance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-17/brazil-slaps-down-un-human-rights-committee-request-on-lula|title=Brazil Slaps Down UN Human Rights Committee Request on Lula|website=Bloomberg|date=17 August 2018|access-date=24 August 2018|archive-date=25 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825073810/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-17/brazil-slaps-down-un-human-rights-committee-request-on-lula|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Brad Brooks|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-lula/brazils-lula-should-have-political-rights-u-n-human-rights-committee-idUSKBN1L21L1|title=Brazil's Lula should have political rights: U.N. Human Rights Committee|newspaper=Reuters|date=17 August 2018 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20180817193826/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-lula/brazils-lula-should-have-political-rights-u-n-human-rights-committee-idUSKBN1L21L1 | archive-date = 17 August 2018 | url-status = live | access-date = 24 August 2018}}</ref>

On 8 July 2018, [[on-call]] weekend duty federal judge for the 4th region Rogério Favreto ordered Lula's release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.postcourier.com.pg/judge-overrules-order-brazil-ex-presidents-freed/|title=Judge overrules order for Brazil ex-president's to be freed|date=9 July 2018|access-date=23 February 2024|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223112352/https://www.postcourier.com.pg/judge-overrules-order-brazil-ex-presidents-freed/|url-status=live}}</ref> Moro said that Favreto did not have the authority to release Lula, and Favreto's ruling was overturned the same day by the Judge Pedro Gebran Neto, president of the 4th regional court.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/07/08/brazil-judge-orders-lula-remain-prison-overturning-earlier-ruling/|title=Brazil judge orders Lula to remain in prison overturning earlier ruling to release former president|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=8 July 2018|work=The Telegraph|access-date=9 July 2018|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|archive-date=8 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708232312/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/07/08/brazil-judge-orders-lula-remain-prison-overturning-earlier-ruling/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 2 August 2018, Pope Francis received three former allies of Lula in Rome: [[Celso Amorim]], [[Alberto Fernández]] and [[Carlos Ominami]].<ref>{{in lang|it}} [https://www.lastampa.it/vatican-insider-it/2018/08/03/news/il-papa-riceve-il-libro-dell-ex-presidente-brasiliano-lula-e-firma-una-breve-dedica-prega-per-me-1.34036354 ''Il Papa riceve il libro dell'ex presidente brasiliano Lula e firma una breve dedica: "Prega per me"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109054434/https://www.lastampa.it/vatican-insider-it/2018/08/03/news/il-papa-riceve-il-libro-dell-ex-presidente-brasiliano-lula-e-firma-una-breve-dedica-prega-per-me-1.34036354 |date=9 November 2019 }}, [[La Stampa]], 3 August 2018.</ref> Later, the pope addressed a handwritten note to Lula (posted on his Twitter account) with the following text: "To Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva with my blessing, asking him to pray for me, Francisco".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/pope-sends-handwritten-note-lula|title=Pope sends message of support to jailed Lula|date=4 August 2018|journal=[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]] | archive-url = https://archive.today/20180805201344/https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/pope-sends-handwritten-note-lula | archive-date = 5 August 2018 | url-status = live | access-date = 2 May 2019}}</ref>

On 9 June 2019, ''[[The Intercept]]'' published [[Vaza Jato|leaked]] [[Telegram (app)|Telegram]] messages between the judge in Lula's case, [[Sergio Moro]], and the Operation Car Wash lead prosecutor, [[Deltan Dallagnol]], in which they allegedly conspired to convict Lula to prevent his candidacy for the 2018 presidential election.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.infomoney.com.br/minhas-financas/gadgets/noticia/8377542|title=Como hackers conseguiram acessar o celular de Sérgio Moro|last=Sutto|first=Giovanna|website=infomoney.com.br|language=pt|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hidden Plot: Exclusive: Brazil's Top Prosecutors Who Indicted Lula Schemed in Secret Messages to Prevent His Party From Winning 2018 Election|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/06/09/brazil-car-wash-prosecutors-workers-party-lula/|work=The Intercept|date=9 June 2019|access-date=3 July 2019|language=en-US|first1=Glenn|last1=Greenwald|first2=Victor|last2=Pougy|archive-date=16 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616015427/https://theintercept.com/2019/06/09/brazil-car-wash-prosecutors-workers-party-lula/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brazil's Anti-Corruption Superstar Faces A Scandal Of His Own|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sergio-moro-lula-brazil-operation-car-wash_n_5d14f870e4b082e55365fe72|work=HuffPost|date=1 July 2019|access-date=3 July 2019|language=en|first=Travis|last=Waldron|archive-date=3 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703020348/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sergio-moro-lula-brazil-operation-car-wash_n_5d14f870e4b082e55365fe72|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Opinion: Brazil's anti-corruption drive has been exposed as corrupt and it could bring down Bolsonaro|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/brazil-sergio-moro-corruption-lato-javo-bolsonaro-the-intercept-glenn-greenwald-a8982486.html|work=The Independent|first=Benjamin|last=Fogel|date=1 July 2019|access-date=3 July 2019|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702152258/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/brazil-sergio-moro-corruption-lato-javo-bolsonaro-the-intercept-glenn-greenwald-a8982486.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Londoño|first1=Ernesto|last2=Casado|first2=Letícia|date=10 June 2019|title=Leaked Messages Raise Fairness Questions in Brazil Corruption Inquiry|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/10/world/americas/brazil-car-wash-lava-jato.html|journal=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=3 July 2019|archive-date=30 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630024800/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/10/world/americas/brazil-car-wash-lava-jato.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/monde/2536843-20190610-bresil-enqueteurs-anticorruption-conspire-empecher-retour-pouvoir-lula|title=Brésil: Les enquêteurs anticorruption auraient conspiré pour empêcher le retour au pouvoir de Lula|date=10 June 2019|publisher=20 Minutes|language=fr|access-date=10 June 2019|archive-date=10 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610075521/https://www.20minutes.fr/monde/2536843-20190610-bresil-enqueteurs-anticorruption-conspire-empecher-retour-pouvoir-lula|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/06/09/brazil-lula-operation-car-wash-sergio-moro/|title=Breach of Ethics: Exclusive: Leaked Chats Between Brazilian Judge and Prosecutor Who Imprisoned Lula Reveal Prohibited Collaboration and Doubts Over Evidence|last1=Fishman|first1=Andrew|last2=Martins|first2=Rafael Moro|date=9 June 2019|website=The Intercept|language=en-US|access-date=10 June 2019|last3=Demori|first3=Leandro|last4=Santi|first4=Alexandre de|last5=Greenwald|first5=Glenn|archive-date=16 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616025313/https://theintercept.com/2019/06/09/brazil-lula-operation-car-wash-sergio-moro/|url-status=live}}</ref> Moro was accused of lacking impartiality in Lula's trial.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/25/world/americas/bolsonaro-brazil-phone-hack-corruption.html|title=Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil President, Says His Phones Were Hacked|author=Londoño, Ernesto|date=25 July 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=1 August 2019|archive-date=1 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801200037/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/25/world/americas/bolsonaro-brazil-phone-hack-corruption.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the disclosures, the resumption of legal proceedings was determined by the Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2019-06/brasilien-ex-praesident-lula-da-silva-justiz-manipulation|title=Mitschnitte stellen Urteil gegen Ex-Präsident Lula infrage|date=11 June 2019|newspaper=[[Die Zeit]]|access-date=12 June 2019|language=de|archive-date=11 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611191038/https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2019-06/brasilien-ex-praesident-lula-da-silva-justiz-manipulation|url-status=live}}</ref> Moro denied any wrongdoing or [[judicial misconduct]] during the course of Operation Car Wash and his investigation of Lula, claiming that the conversations leaked by ''The Intercept'' were misrepresented by the press and that conversations between prosecutors and judges are normal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2019/06/10/interna_politica,761721/nao-tem-orientacao-nenhuma-ali-diz-moro-antes-de-abandonar-coletiva.shtml|title=Moro nega ter orientado procuradores da Lava-Jato e abandona entrevista|date=10 June 2019|website=Correio Braziliense|language=pt|access-date=16 October 2019|archive-date=1 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701141526/https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2019/06/10/interna_politica,761721/nao-tem-orientacao-nenhuma-ali-diz-moro-antes-de-abandonar-coletiva.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Moro became [[Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil)|Minister of Justice and Public Security]] after the election of president Jair Bolsonaro.

The information published by ''The Intercept'' prompted reactions both in Brazil and overseas. A group of 17 lawyers, ministers of Justice, and high court members from eight countries reacted to the leaks by describing former president Lula as a political prisoner and calling for his release.<ref name="choc">{{cite news|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2019/08/juristas-estrangeiros-se-dizem-chocados-e-defendem-libertacao-de-lula.shtml|title=Juristas estrangeiros se dizem chocados e defendem libertação de Lula|date=11 August 2019|website=Folha de São Paulo|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902184917/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2019/08/juristas-estrangeiros-se-dizem-chocados-e-defendem-libertacao-de-lula.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> United States Senator [[Bernie Sanders]] said Lula should be released and his conviction annulled. American Congressman [[Ro Khanna]] asked the Trump administration to investigate Lula's case, saying that "Moro was a bad actor and part of a larger conspiracy to send Lula to jail".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/06/11/brazil-lula-ro-khanna-operation-car-wash/|title=BERNIE SANDERS CALLS FOR BRAZIL'S JUDICIARY TO RELEASE LULA IN WAKE OF CORRUPTION EXPOSURE|last1=Chavez|first1=Aida|last2=Lacy|first2=Akela|date=12 June 2019|website=The Intercept|access-date=13 June 2019|archive-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612224433/https://theintercept.com/2019/06/11/brazil-lula-ro-khanna-operation-car-wash/|url-status=live}}</ref> A number of international intellectuals, activists and political leaders, including professor [[Noam Chomsky]] and 12 US Congressmen, complained that the legal proceedings appeared to be designed to prevent Lula from running for president in 2018.<ref>[http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/01/1951916-deputados-americanos-divulgam-carta-de-apoio-a-lula.shtml "Deputados americanos divulgam carta de apoio a Lula,"] ''Folha de S. Paulo''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407054058/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/01/1951916-deputados-americanos-divulgam-carta-de-apoio-a-lula.shtml |date=7 April 2018 }} by Patricia C. Mello, published on 18 January 2018</ref><ref>[http://www.brasilwire.com/un-lawyer-geoffrey-robertson-to-monitor-lulas-appeal-hearing/ "UN Lawyer Geoffrey Robertson to monitor Lula's appeal hearing Brazilian justice system scrutinized by international legal community,"] ''Brasilwire''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407053759/http://www.brasilwire.com/un-lawyer-geoffrey-robertson-to-monitor-lulas-appeal-hearing/ |date=7 April 2018 }} published by "BrasilWire" on 23 January 2018.</ref>{{Better source needed|date=June 2020}} American talk show host [[Michael Brooks (political commentator)|Michael Brooks]], a vocal advocate for Lula, opined that Lula's imprisonment and Moro's alleged political motives had rendered the results of the 2018 election "fundamentally illegitimate".<ref>{{cite web|title=500 Days in Prison For Political Prisoner Lula Da Silva As The Amazon Burns #LulaLivre (TMBS 103)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAEnH2iyXQY|website=YouTube| date=25 August 2019 |publisher=The Michael Brooks Show |access-date=24 July 2020 |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812205224/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAEnH2iyXQY |url-status=live}}</ref>