Editing Karate (section)

===Asia===

====Korea====
{{See also|Korea under Japanese rule}}
Due to past conflict between Korea and Japan, most notably during the [[Japanese occupation of Korea]] in the early 20th century, the influence of karate in Korea is a contentious issue.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/units/TaiwanProgramme/Journal/JournalContents/TCP6OrrandAmae.pdf|title=Karate in Taiwan and South Korea: A Tale of Two Postcolonial Societies|last1=Orr|first1=Monty|last2=Amae|first2=Yoshihisa|journal=Taiwan in Comparative Perspective|volume=6|date=December 2016|pages=1–16|issn=1752-7732|publisher=Taiwan Research Programme, London School of Economics|access-date=24 July 2017|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811054825/http://www.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/units/TaiwanProgramme/Journal/JournalContents/TCP6OrrandAmae.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 1910 until 1945, Korea was annexed by the Japanese Empire. It was during this time that many of the Korean martial arts masters of the 20th century were exposed to Japanese karate. After regaining independence from Japan, many Korean martial arts schools that opened up in the 1940s and 1950s were founded by masters who had trained in karate in Japan as part of their martial arts training.

[[Won Kuk Lee]], a Korean student of Funakoshi, founded the first martial arts school after the Japanese occupation of Korea ended in 1945, called the [[Chung Do Kwan]]. Having studied under [[Gichin Funakoshi]] at [[Chuo University]], Lee had incorporated [[taekkyon]], [[kung fu]], and karate in the martial art that he taught which he called "[[Tang Soo Do]]", the Korean transliteration of the Chinese characters for "Way of Chinese Hand" (唐手道).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tangsudo.com/index.php/en/academy |title=Academy |publisher=Tangsudo.com |date=18 October 2011 |access-date=5 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210193918/http://www.tangsudo.com/index.php/en/academy |archive-date=10 December 2014 }}</ref> In the mid-1950s, the martial arts schools were unified under President [[Rhee Syngman]]'s order, and became [[taekwondo]] under the leadership of [[Choi Hong Hi]] and a committee of Korean masters. Choi, a significant figure in taekwondo history, had also studied karate under Funakoshi. Karate also provided an important comparative model for the early founders of taekwondo in the formalization of their art including [[Hyeong|hyung]] and the [[taekwondo#Ranks, belts, and promotion|belt ranking]] system. The original taekwondo ''hyung'' were identical to karate ''[[kata]]''. Eventually, original Korean forms were developed by individual schools and associations. Although the [[World Taekwondo Federation]] and [[International Taekwon-Do Federation]] are the most prominent among Korean martial arts organizations, ''tang soo do'' schools that teach Japanese karate still exist as they were originally conveyed to Won Kuk Lee and his contemporaries from Funakoshi.

====Soviet Union====
Karate appeared in the Soviet Union in the mid-1960s, during [[Nikita Khrushchev]]'s policy of improved international relations. The first Shotokan clubs were opened in Moscow's universities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9UDAAAAMBAJ&q=karate+and+the+kremlin&pg=PA48|title=Black Belt|date=1 June 1979|publisher=Active Interest Media, Inc.|access-date=3 January 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref> In 1973, however, the government banned karate—together with all other foreign martial arts—endorsing only the Soviet martial art of [[Sambo (martial art)|sambo]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j4bpBQAAQBAJ&q=karate+banned+soviet+union&pg=PA150|title=Youth and Rock in the Soviet Bloc: Youth Cultures, Music, and the State in Russia and Eastern Europe|first=William Jay|last=Risch|date=17 December 2014|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9780739178232|access-date=3 January 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MXT8AwAAQBAJ&q=karate+soviet+union&pg=PT185|title=Sport and Political Ideology|first=John M.|last=Hoberman|date=30 June 2014|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=9780292768871|access-date=3 January 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref> Failing to suppress these uncontrolled groups, the USSR's Sport Committee formed the Karate Federation of USSR in December 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNUDAAAAMBAJ&q=soviet+karate&pg=PA18|title=Black Belt|date=1 July 1979|publisher=Active Interest Media, Inc.|access-date=3 January 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref> On 17 May 1984, the Soviet Karate Federation was disbanded and all karate became illegal again. In 1989, karate practice became legal again, but under strict government regulations, only after the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] in 1991 did independent karate schools resume functioning, and so federations were formed and national tournaments in authentic styles began.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0yGCwAAQBAJ&q=karate+banned+soviet+union&pg=PA9|title=Violent Entrepreneurs: The Use of Force in the Making of Russian Capitalism|first=Vadim|last=Volkov|date=4 February 2016|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=9781501703287|access-date=3 January 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8zdsXzWynkC&q=karate+banned+soviet+union&pg=PA9|title=Sport and the Transformation of Modern Europe: States, Media and Markets 1950-2010|first1=Alan|last1=Tomlinson|first2=Christopher|last2=Young|first3=Richard|last3=Holt|date=17 June 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136660528|access-date=3 January 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref>

====Philippines====
{{See also|Karate Pilipinas}}