Editing Italy (section)

=== Immigration ===
{{Main|Immigration to Italy}}
[[File:Italy, foreign residents as a percentage of the total population, 2011.svg|thumb|Foreign residents as a percentage of the regional population at the 2011 census]]

In the 1980s, until then a linguistically and culturally homogeneous society, Italy began to attract substantial flows of immigrants.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Allen|first=Beverly|url=https://archive.org/details/revisioningitaly00beve|title=Revisioning Italy national identity and global culture|date=1997|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-8166-2727-1|location=Minneapolis|page=[https://archive.org/details/revisioningitaly00beve/page/169 169]|url-access=registration}}</ref> After the [[fall of the Berlin Wall]], and enlargements of the EU, waves of migration originated from the former socialist countries of East Europe. Another source of immigration is neighbouring North Africa, with arrivals soaring as a consequence of the [[Arab Spring]]. Growing migration fluxes from Asia-Pacific (notably China<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6550725.stm Milan police in Chinatown clash] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010205822/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6550725.stm|date=10 October 2017}}". BBC News. 13 April 2007.</ref> and the Philippines) and Latin America have been recorded.

In 2010, the foreign-born population was from the following regions: Europe (54%), Africa (22%), Asia (16%), the Americas (8%), and Oceania (0.06%). The distribution of the foreign population is geographically varied: in 2020, 61% of foreign citizens lived in the north, 24% in the centre, 11% in the south, and 4% on the islands.<ref>{{Cite web|title=XXIX Rapporto Immigrazione 2020|url=https://www.migrantes.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2020/10/RICM_2020_DEF.pdf|access-date=31 December 2021|language=it|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231222417/https://www.migrantes.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2020/10/RICM_2020_DEF.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2021, Italy had about 5.2 million foreign residents,<ref name="id2020"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Population on 1 January by sex, country of birth and broad group of citizenship|url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do|access-date=28 August 2023|archive-date=21 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121154457/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/eurostat/web/main/help/faq/data-services|url-status=live}}</ref> making up 9% of the population. The figures include more than half a million children born in Italy to foreign nationals, but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian citizenship;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Immigrants.Stat|url=http://stra-dati.istat.it/Index.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709143540/http://stra-dati.istat.it/Index.aspx|archive-date=9 July 2017|access-date=15 June 2017|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]]}}</ref> in 2016, about 201,000 people became Italian citizens.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National demographic balance 2016|url=https://www.istat.it/en/archive/201143|access-date=15 June 2017|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]]|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010180410/https://www.istat.it/en/archive/201143|url-status=live}}</ref> The official figures also exclude [[illegal immigrants]], which was estimated to be 670,000 in 2008.<ref>Elisabeth Rosenthal, "[https://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2008/05/16/italy_cracks_down_on_illegal_immigration/ Italy cracks down on illegal immigration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821061114/http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2008/05/16/italy_cracks_down_on_illegal_immigration|date=21 August 2013}}". ''[[The Boston Globe]]''. 16 May 2008.</ref> About one million [[Romanian diaspora|Romanian]] citizens are registered as living in Italy, representing the largest migrant population.