Editing Flamethrower (section)

===Post-1980s===

Non-flamethrower incendiary weapons remain in modern military arsenals. [[Thermobaric weapon]]s may have been fielded in Afghanistan by the United States (2008)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Majumdar |first1=Dave |title=The American Military's Deadly Thermobaric Arsenal |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/the-american-militarys-deadly-thermobaric-arsenal-14505 |website=The National Interest |access-date=7 September 2023 |language=en |date=3 December 2015}}</ref><ref>Hambling, David (May 15, 2009). [https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2009/05/us-incendiary-weapon-in-afghanistan-revealed/ "U.S. Denies Incendiary Weapon Use in Afghanistan"]. Wired.com. Accessed 27 May 2010.</ref> and have been used by Russia in Ukraine (2022).<ref name="tass.com">{{Cite web |date=21 November 2022 |title=Russian troops wipe out four command posts in Ukraine operation — top brass |url=https://tass.com/politics/1539777 |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=TASS}}</ref> The U.S. and U.S.S.R. both developed a rocket launcher specifically for the deployment of incendiary munitions, respectively the [[M202 FLASH]] and the [[RPO Rys|RPO "Rys"]] ancestor of the [[RPO-A Shmel (Bumblebee)|RPO-A Shmel]].

==== Vietnam ====
The Type 74 is still being used by the Vietnamese Army.<ref name=":2" />

==== French assault on Ouvéa cave (1988) ====
{{Main|Ouvéa cave hostage taking}}
On 22 April 1988, [[Kanak people|Kanak]] rebels took 36 French hostages in [[Ouvéa]] island, [[New Caledonia]], most of them [[National Gendarmerie|gendarms]] and military personnel. On 5 May, after weeks of fruitless negotiations, a team of gendarms and [[11e régiment parachutiste de choc|paratroopers]] from the [[French Army]] launched a rescue operation. During the assault, a rebel machine gun position was neutralized using a flamethrower. All hostages were eventually set free.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Waddell |first=Eric |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IEfhCaEbTM4C&dq=Ouvea+flamethrower+machine+gun&pg=PA164 |title=Jean-Marie Tjibaou, Kanak Witness to the World: An Intellectual Biography |date=2008-08-31 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-3314-5 |pages=164 |language=en}}</ref>

==== Provisional IRA ====
In 1981 the [[FBI]] foiled an attempt by New York-based [[gun runner]] [[George Harrison (Irish republican)|George Harrison]] to smuggle an [[M2 flamethrower]] to Ireland for the IRA.<ref>Alexander, Shana.  "The Patriot Game".  _New York_, 22 November 1982.  pg 58+.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=0ucCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA58 Retrievable from]</ref><ref>{{cite AV media | date = 22 February 1982 | title = World in Action| type = Television documentary | language = English | publisher = ITN }}</ref> In [[the Troubles]], during the mid-1980s, the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|IRA]] smuggled in Soviet [[LPO-50]] military flamethrowers (supplied to them by the [[Libya]]n government) into [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>O'Brien, Brendan (1999). ''The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Féin'', Syracuse University Press, p. 279. {{ISBN|0-8156-0597-8}}</ref> An IRA team riding on an [[Improvised tactical vehicles of the Provisional IRA|improvised armoured truck]] used one of these flamethrowers, among other weapons, to storm a [[Attack on Derryard checkpoint|British Army permanent checkpoint in Derryard]], near [[Rosslea]], on 13 December 1989.<ref>Moloney, Ed (2003). ''A secret story of the IRA''. W.W. Norton & co., p. 333. {{ISBN|0-393-32502-4}}</ref> Some months later, on 4 March 1990, the IRA attacked an RUC station in [[Stewartstown, County Tyrone|Stewartstown]], [[County Tyrone]], using an improvised flamethrower consisting of a [[Manure spreader|manure-spreader]] towed by a tractor to spray {{cvt|2700|L|impgal USgal}} of a petrol/diesel mix to engulf the base in flames, and then opened fire with rifles and an anti-tank rocket launcher.<ref name="ReferenceA">''Fortnight'', No. 283, pp. 20–21. Fortnight Publications, 1990.</ref><ref>''Irish Independent'', 6 March 1990.</ref><ref>''Dundee Courier'', 6 March 1990.</ref><ref>''Derby Daily Telegraph'', 5 March 1990.</ref> Another IRA unit carried two attacks in less than a year with another improvised flamethrower towed by a tractor on a British Army watchtower, the Borucki sangar, in [[Crossmaglen]], [[County Armagh]], also in the early 1990s. The first incident occurred on 12 December 1992,<ref>{{Cite web|date=1992-12-14|title=Loyalists fire rocket at prison canteen|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/loyalists-fire-rocket-at-prison-canteen-1563427.html|access-date=2019-06-07|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> when the bunker was manned by [[Scots Guards]], and the second on 12 November 1993. The device used as launcher was also a manure spreader, which doused the facility with fuel, ignited few seconds later by a small explosion. In the 1993 action, a nine-metre-high fireball engulfed the tower for seven minutes. The four [[Grenadier Guards]] inside the outpost were rescued by a [[Saxon (vehicle)|Saxon]] armoured vehicle.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bandit Country: The IRA & South Armagh|last=Harnden|first=Toby|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|year=2001|isbn=0-340-71736-X|pages=123–24}}</ref> Incendiary improvised devices were also proven by the republican paramilitaries, such as an IRA grenade attack on a British Army patrol on 4 April 1993 in [[Carrickmore]], County Tyrone; the device consisted of {{cvt|2|lb|kg|order=flip|sigfig=1}} of [[semtex]] and {{convert|22.5|L|impgal usgal}} of petrol; the bomb exploded, but the fuel failed to ignite. A soldier was thrown several metres across the road by the blast.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 1993 |title=War News |url=https://indianamemory.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/IP/id/14881/rec/15 |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=indianamemory.contentdm.oclc.org |publisher=The Irish People |language=en}}</ref>

==== Brazil ====
As of 2003 the locally made Hydroar T1M1 flamethrower was still being used by the [[1º Batalhão de Forças Especiais]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miller |first=David |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51555045 |title=The illustrated directory of special forces |date=2002 |publisher=MBI |isbn=0-7603-1419-5 |location=St Paul, MN |oclc=51555045}}</ref>

==== China ====
The Chinese Army still issues the Type 74 flamethrower.<ref name=":2" />

During an operation to hunt down the militant group responsible for the [[2015 Aksu colliery attack]], after using tear gas and flash grenades to no avail, Chinese paramilitary forces resorted to flamethrowers to root out suspected militants who were hiding in a cave.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-23 |title=Flamethrower used to flush out militants in China's Xinjiang region, says state media |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/1881961/flamethrower-used-flush-out-militants-chinas-xinjiang |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-11-23 |title=China forces used flamethrower to hunt Xinjiang 'terrorists': army newspaper |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-security-xinjiang-idUSKBN0TC0QT20151123 |access-date=2023-09-17}}</ref>

==== Iraq conflict ====
Captain Shannon Johnson requested colonel [[John A. Toolan]] to supply his company with flamethrowers during the [[Second Battle of Fallujah|Battle of Fallujah]]; however no flamethrowers were issued.<ref>{{Cite book |last=West |first=Bing |title=No True Glory: A Frontline Account of the Battle for Fallujah |year=2006 |pages=176}}</ref>

The [[People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran|People's Mujahedin of Iran]] claimed flamethrowers were used in the [[2013 Camp Ashraf massacre]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-01 |title=Iraq, attacco agli esuli iraniani |url=https://www.lastampa.it/esteri/2013/09/01/news/iraq-attacco-agli-esuli-iraniani-1.35974690/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=La Stampa |language=it}}</ref>

==== Italy ====
As of 2012 the locally made T-148/B flamethrower was still being used by the Italian Army<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-09 |title=Esercito Italiano- Lanciafiamme T-148/B |url=http://www.esercito.difesa.it/Equipaggiamenti/armi_materiali_mezzi/Armi/leggere/reparto/Pagine/LanciafiammeT-148B.aspx |access-date=2024-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120909045827/http://www.esercito.difesa.it/Equipaggiamenti/armi_materiali_mezzi/Armi/leggere/reparto/Pagine/LanciafiammeT-148B.aspx |archive-date=9 September 2012 }}</ref>

==== Myanmar ====
Flamethrowers have been used by the [[Tatmadaw]] during attacks on [[Rohingya people|Rohingya]] villages during the [[Rohingya genocide]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rohingya experienced 'extreme' violence in Myanmar |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/rohingya-experienced-extreme-violence-in-myanmar/1264316 |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Beech |first1=Hannah |last2=Nang |first2=Saw |last3=Simons |first3=Marlise |date=2020-09-08 |title='Kill All You See': In a First, Myanmar Soldiers Tell of Rohingya Slaughter |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/08/world/asia/myanmar-rohingya-genocide.html |access-date=2023-03-30 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==== Russo-Ukrainian War ====
On 8 February 2017, separatist leader [[Mikhail Tolstykh|Mikhail 'Givi' Tolstykh]] was killed when an [[RPO-A Shmel]] rocket-assisted flamethrower was fired at his office in [[Donetsk]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2017 |title=Site of "DPR" militant chief Givi assassination |url=https://www.unian.info/multimedia/photo/70826-mesto-likvidatsii-givi.html |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=www.unian.info |language=en}}</ref>

On 21 November 2022, nine months into the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Russian sources claim that artillery and "[[TOS-1|heavy flamethrowers]]" were employed against a Ukrainian concentration of troops near [[Kupiansk|Kupyansk]], [[Kharkiv Oblast]].<ref name="tass.com"/> Russian sources use the term "heavy flamethrowers" to describe [[TOS-1]] multiple [[Thermobaric weapon|thermobaric]] rocket launchers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heavy flamethrower system TOS-1A {{!}} Rosoboronexport |url=http://roe.ru/esp/catalog/las-fuerzas-de-tierra/sistemas-de-misiles-mlrs-atra-y-ca%C3%B1ones-de-artiller%C3%ADa-de-campo/tos-1a/ |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=roe.ru}}</ref>