Editing Fingerprint (section)

== Fingerprint sensors ==
{{Main|Fingerprint scanner}}
A fingerprint [[sensor]] is an [[Electronics|electronic device]] used to capture a [[digital image]] of the fingerprint pattern.  The captured image is called a live scan. This live scan is [[Digital signal processing|digitally processed]] to create a biometric template (a collection of [[Feature extraction|extracted features]]) which is stored and used for matching. Many [[Technology|technologies]] have been used including [[optical]], [[capacitive]], [[RF]], thermal, [[piezoresistive]], [[Ultrasound|ultrasonic]], [[piezoelectric]], and [[MEMS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biometrics.nist.gov/cs_links/pact/SSFS_113005.pdf|title=Solid-State Fingerprint Scanners – A Survey of Technologies|last=Wasserman|first=Philip|date=December 26, 2005|access-date=October 18, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117123921/http://biometrics.nist.gov/cs_links/pact/SSFS_113005.pdf|archive-date=January 17, 2016}}</ref>
* '''Optical scanners''' take a visual image of the fingerprint using a digital camera.
* '''Capacitive or CMOS scanners''' use capacitors and thus electric current to form an image of the fingerprint.
* '''Ultrasound fingerprint scanners''' use high frequency sound waves to penetrate the epidermal (outer) layer of the skin.
* '''Thermal scanners''' sense the temperature differences on the contact surface, in between fingerprint ridges and valleys.

=== Consumer electronics login authentication ===
[[File:Fingerprint sensor ThinkPad T440p.jpg|thumb|160px|The fingerprint sensor of a [[Lenovo]] [[ThinkPad T series|ThinkPad]] T440p, released in 2013]]
Since 2000, electronic fingerprint readers have been introduced as [[consumer electronics]] security applications. [[Fingerprint scanner]]s could be used for [[login]] [[authentication]] and the identification of computer users. However, some less sophisticated sensors have been discovered to be vulnerable to quite simple methods of deception, such as fake fingerprints cast in [[gel]]s. In 2006, fingerprint sensors gained popularity in the [[laptop]] market. Built-in sensors in laptops, such as [[ThinkPad]], [[VAIO]], [[HP Pavilion (computer)|HP Pavilion]] and [[HP EliteBook|EliteBook]] laptops, and others also double as [[motion detector]]s for document scrolling, like the [[scroll wheel]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Fujitsu LIFEBOOK P772 User's Guide |date=2012 |publisher=Fujitsu America, Inc. |page=153 |chapter=Appendix B: Fingerprint Sensor Device }}</ref>

Two of the first smartphone manufacturers to integrate fingerprint recognition into their phones were Motorola with the [[Motorola Atrix 4G|Atrix 4G]] in 2011 and Apple with the [[iPhone 5S]] on September 10, 2013. One month after, HTC launched the [[HTC One Max|One Max]], which also included fingerprint recognition. In April 2014, Samsung released the [[Samsung Galaxy S5|Galaxy S5]], which integrated a fingerprint sensor on the home button.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|title=List of All Fingerprint Scanner Enabled Smartphones|date=24 April 2018|publisher=Webcusp|url=http://webcusp.com/list-of-all-fingerprint-scanner-enabled-smartphones/|access-date=August 16, 2017|archive-date=August 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825121224/http://webcusp.com/list-of-all-fingerprint-scanner-enabled-smartphones/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following the release of the [[iPhone 5S]] model, a group of German hackers announced on September 21, 2013, that they had bypassed Apple's new Touch ID fingerprint sensor by photographing a fingerprint from a glass surface and using that captured image as verification. The spokesman for the group stated: "We hope that this finally puts to rest the illusions people have about fingerprint biometrics. It is plain stupid to use something that you can't change and that you leave everywhere every day as a security token."<ref>{{cite web|title=Hackers claim to have defeated Apple's Touch ID print sensor|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-57604067-37/hackers-claim-to-have-defeated-apples-touch-id-print-sensor/|website=CNET|publisher=CBS Interactive Inc|access-date=September 23, 2013|author=Stephen Musil|date=September 22, 2013|archive-date=September 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922195345/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-57604067-37/hackers-claim-to-have-defeated-apples-touch-id-print-sensor/|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2015, Apple included a new version of the fingerprint scanner in the iPhone home button with the [[iPhone 6S]]. The use of the [[Touch ID]] fingerprint scanner was optional and could be configured to unlock the screen or pay for [[mobile app]]s purchases.<ref>{{Cite book|title=iPhone 6 & iPhone 6S In 30 Minutes: The unofficial guide to the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6S, including basic setup, easy iOS tweaks, and time-saving tips|author=Ian Lamont|publisher=i30 Media|year=2015|isbn=978-1939924506}}</ref> Since December 2015, cheaper smartphones with fingerprint recognition have been released, such as the $100 UMI Fair.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Samsung]] introduced fingerprint sensors to its mid-range [[Samsung Galaxy A series|A series]] smartphones in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Samsung Introduces Galaxy Alpha, the evolution of Galaxy Design |url=https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-introduces-galaxy-alpha-the-evolution-of-galaxy-design |website=news.samsung.com |access-date=17 June 2021 |language=en |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120224134/https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-introduces-galaxy-alpha-the-evolution-of-galaxy-design |url-status=live }}</ref>

By 2017, [[Hewlett-Packard|Hewlett Packard]], [[Asus]], [[Huawei]], [[Lenovo]] and [[MacBook Pro#Fourth generation (Touch Bar)|Apple]] were using fingerprint readers in their laptops.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3187448/laptop-computers/hp-spectre-x360-2017-review-the-best-just-keeps-getting-better.html|title=HP Spectre x360 (2017) review: The best just keeps getting better|work=PCWorld|access-date=August 16, 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710214806/http://pcworld.com/article/3187448/laptop-computers/hp-spectre-x360-2017-review-the-best-just-keeps-getting-better.html|archive-date=July 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/laptop-reviews/asus-transformer-t304-review/|title=Asus Transformer Pro T304 is a Surface Pro clone that kills it on price|date=July 28, 2017|work=Digital Trends|access-date=August 16, 2017|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815190727/https://www.digitaltrends.com/laptop-reviews/asus-transformer-t304-review/|archive-date=August 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.laptopmag.com/reviews/laptops/lenovo-thinkpad-t570|title=Lenovo ThinkPad T570 Review|access-date=August 16, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816154510/https://www.laptopmag.com/reviews/laptops/lenovo-thinkpad-t570|archive-date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> [[Synaptics]] says the SecurePad sensor is now available for [[Original equipment manufacturer|OEMs]] to start building into their laptops.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wollman |first=Dana |date=December 10, 2014 |title=Coming soon: laptops with fingerprint sensors built into the touchpad |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/12/10/synaptics-securepad/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816191620/https://www.engadget.com/2014/12/10/synaptics-securepad/ |archive-date=August 16, 2017 |access-date=August 16, 2017 |website=Engadget}}</ref> In 2018, Synaptics revealed that their in-display fingerprint sensors would be featured on the new [[Vivo (technology company)|Vivo]] X21 UD smartphone. This was the first mass-produced fingerprint sensor to be integrated into the entire touchscreen display, rather than as a separate sensor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Synaptics Clear ID Optical In-Display Fingerprint Sensors Featured on New Vivo X21 UD Smartphones {{!}} Synaptics |url=https://www.synaptics.com/company/news/clear-id-vivo-x21-ud-smartphone |website=www.synaptics.com |access-date=17 June 2021 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509083138/https://www.synaptics.com/company/news/clear-id-vivo-x21-ud-smartphone |url-status=live }}</ref>