Editing Europe (section)

===Religion===
{{Main|Religion in Europe}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Europe according to the ''Global Religious Landscape'' survey by the [[Pew Research Center|Pew Forum]], 2016<ref name="Survey">{{cite web|author=Analysis |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323215026/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-23 |url-status=live |title=Global religious landscape|publisher=Pewforum.org |date=19 December 2011 |access-date=17 August 2012}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Christianity]]
|value1 = 76.2
|color1 = Red
|label2 = [[Irreligion|No religion]]
|value2 = 18.3
|color2 = #FFFFFF
|label3 = [[Islam]]
|value3 = 4.9
|color3 = Green
|label4 = [[Buddhism]]
|value4 = 0.2
|color4 = Gold
|label5 = [[Hinduism]]
|value5 = 0.2
|color5 = Orange
|label6 = Folk religion
|value6 = 0.1
|color6 = Chartreuse
|label7 = Other religions
|value7 = 0.1
|color7 = Pink
}}
The largest religion in Europe is [[Christianity]], with 76.2% of Europeans considering themselves [[Christians]],<ref name="Christianity">{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-regions/#europe|title=Regional Distribution of Christians: Christianity in Europe|date=18 December 2011|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=22 February 2015|archive-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801012932/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-regions/#europe|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801204254/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf |archive-date=2019-08-01 |url-status=live|title=Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population|publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref> including [[Catholic]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and various [[Protestant]] denominations. Among Protestants, the most popular are [[Lutheranism]], [[Anglicanism]] and the [[Reformed faith]]. Smaller Protestant denominations include [[Anabaptists]] as well as denominations centred in the United States such as [[Pentecostalism]], [[Methodism]], and [[Evangelical Protestants|Evangelicalism]]. Although Christianity originated in the Middle East, its centre of mass shifted to Europe when it [[Christianity as the Roman state religion|became the official religion of the Roman Empire]] in the late 4th century. [[Christianity]] played [[Role of Christianity in civilization|a prominent role in the development]] of the [[European culture]] and [[European identity|identity]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Byrnes|first1=Timothy A.|last2=Katzenstein|first2=Peter J.|title=Religion in an Expanding Europe|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0521676519|pages=110}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Europe in Crisis: Intellectuals and the European Idea, 1917–1957|last1=Hewitson|first1=Mark|last2=D'Auria|first2=Matthew|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2012|isbn=9780857457271|page=243|location=New York; Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Orthodoxy and Islam|first=Archimandrite|last=Nikodemos Anagnostopoulos|year=2017|isbn=9781315297927|page=16|publisher=Taylor & Francis|quote=Christianity has undoubtedly shaped European identity, culture, destiny, and history.}}</ref> Today, just over 25% of the world's Christians live in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pew Research Center |date=2011-12-19 |title=Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Islam]] is the second most popular religion in Europe. Over 25 million, or roughly 5% of the population, adhere to it.<ref name="pewresearch.org" /> In [[Albania]] and [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], two countries in the [[Balkan peninsula]] in Southeastern Europe, Islam instead of Christianity is the majority religion. This is also the case in [[Turkey]] and in [[Islam in Russia|certain parts of Russia]], as well as in [[Azerbaijan]] and [[Kazakhstan]], all of which are at the border to Asia.<ref name="pewresearch.org">{{citation |last=Hackett |first=Conrad |title=5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe |date=29 November 2017 |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/ |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |access-date=30 July 2022 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817033409/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Many countries in Europe are home to a sizeable Muslim minority, and [[immigration to Europe]] has increased the number of Muslim people in Europe in recent years.

The [[Judaism|Jewish]] population in Europe was about 1.4 million people in 2020 (about 0.2% of the population).<ref name="auto" /> There is a long [[History of the Jews in Europe|history of Jewish life in Europe]], beginning in antiquity. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Russian Empire had the majority of the world's Jews living within its borders.<ref>''[[The Pittsburgh Press]]'', 25 October 1915, p. 11</ref> In 1897, according to [[Russian Empire Census|Russian census of 1897]], the total Jewish population of Russia was 5.1 million people, which was 4.13% of total population. Of this total, the vast majority lived within the [[Pale of Settlement]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Grosfeld|first1=Irena|last2=Rodnyansky|first2=Alexander|last3=Zhuravskaya|first3=Ekaterina|title=Persistent Antimarket Culture: A Legacy of the Pale of Settlement after the Holocaust|journal=American Economic Journal: Economic Policy|date=August 2013|volume=5|number=3|pages=189–226|publisher=[[American Economic Association]]|doi=10.1257/pol.5.3.189 |jstor=43189345}}</ref> In 1933, there were about 9.5 million Jewish people in Europe, representing 1.7% of the population,<ref>{{Cite web |last=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |title=Jewish Population of Europe in 1933: Population Data by Country |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/jewish-population-of-europe-in-1933-population-data-by-country |access-date=2023-04-29 |website=encyclopedia.ushmm.org |language=en}}</ref> but most were killed, and most of the rest displaced, during [[the Holocaust]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherwood |first=Harriet |date=2020-10-25 |title=Europe's Jewish population has dropped 60% in last 50 years |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/25/europes-jewish-population-has-dropped-60-in-last-50-years |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=The Guardian |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Lipka |first=Michael |title=The continuing decline of Europe's Jewish population |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2015/02/09/europes-jewish-population/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=9 February 2015 |language=en-US}}</ref> In the 21st century, [[France]] has the largest [[Jewish population]] in Europe, followed by the United Kingdom, [[Germany]] and Russia.<ref name="Survey" />

Other religions practiced in Europe include [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]], which are minority religions, except in Russia's [[Republic of Kalmykia]], where Tibetan Buddhism is the majority religion.

A large and increasing number of people in Europe are [[irreligion|irreligious]], [[atheism|atheist]] and [[agnosticism|agnostic]]. They are estimated to make up about 18.3% of Europe's population currently.<ref name="Survey" />