Editing Enigma machine (section)

==== Enigma D (1927) ====
The ''Enigma C'' quickly gave way to ''Enigma D'' (1927). This version was widely used, with shipments to Sweden, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Spain, United States and Poland. In 1927 [[Hugh Foss]] at the British [[Government Communications Headquarters|Government Code and Cypher School]] was able to show that commercial Enigma machines could be broken, provided suitable cribs were available.<ref>Bletchley Park Trust Museum display</ref> Soon, the Enigma D would pioneer the use of a standard keyboard layout to be used in German computing.  This "QWERTZ" layout is very similar to the American [[QWERTY]] keyboard format used in many languages.

===== "Navy Cipher D" =====
Other countries used Enigma machines. The [[Italian Navy]] adopted the commercial Enigma as "Navy Cipher D". The Spanish also used commercial Enigma machines during their [[Spanish Civil War|Civil War]]. British codebreakers succeeded in breaking these machines, which lacked a plugboard.{{sfn|Smith|2006|p=23}} Enigma machines were also used by diplomatic services.