Editing Chocolate (section)

===Fair trade===
{{Main|Fair trade cocoa}}

In the 2000s, some chocolate producers began to engage in [[fair trade]] initiatives, to address concerns about the marginalization of cocoa laborers in developing countries. Traditionally, Africa and other developing countries received low prices for their exported commodities such as cocoa, which caused poverty to abound. Fairtrade seeks to establish a system of direct trade from developing countries to counteract this system.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Brown | first1 = Michael Barratt | year = 2007 | title = 'Fair Trade' with Africa | journal = Review of African Political Economy | volume = 34 | issue = 112| pages = 267–77 | doi=10.1080/03056240701449653 |jstor=20406397 | s2cid = 219715395 | hdl = 10.1080/03056240701449653 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> One solution for fair labor practices is for farmers to become part of an [[agricultural cooperative]]. Cooperatives pay farmers a fair price for their cocoa so farmers have enough money for food, clothes, and school fees.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Goodman | first1 = Michael K | year = 2004 | title = Reading fairtrade: political ecological imaginary and the moral economy of fairtrade foods | journal = Political Geography | volume = 23 | issue = 7| pages = 891–915 | doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2004.05.013}}</ref> One of the main tenets of fair trade is that farmers receive a fair price, but this does not mean that the larger amount of money paid for fair trade cocoa goes directly to the farmers. The effectiveness of fair trade has been questioned. In a 2014 article, ''[[The Economist]]'' stated that workers on fair trade farms have a lower standard of living than on similar farms outside the fair trade system<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/baobab/2014/05/agriculture-ethiopia-and-uganda?fsrc=scn/fb/wl/bl/notsofairtrade|access-date=3 July 2014|title=Agriculture in Ethiopia and Uganda: Not so fair trade|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714192341/http://www.economist.com/blogs/baobab/2014/05/agriculture-ethiopia-and-uganda?fsrc=scn%2Ffb%2Fwl%2Fbl%2Fnotsofairtrade|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> based on a study of tea and coffee farmers in Uganda and Ethiopia.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24858301 | jstor=24858301 | title=Fairtrade cooperatives in Ethiopia and Uganda: Uncensored | journal=Review of African Political Economy | date=2014 | volume=41 | issue=143 | pages=S115–S127 | vauthors = Cramera C, Johnstonb D, Oyaa C, Senderb J }}</ref>