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=== Quantifiers === On Peirce and his contemporaries [[Ernst Schröder (mathematician)|Ernst Schröder]] and [[Gottlob Frege]], [[Hilary Putnam]] (1982)<ref name="Putnam" /> documented that Frege's work on the logic of quantifiers had little influence on his contemporaries, although it was published four years before the work of Peirce and his student Oscar Howard Mitchell. Putnam found that mathematicians and logicians learned about the logic of quantifiers through the independent work of Peirce and Mitchell, particularly through Peirce's "On the Algebra of Logic: A Contribution to the Philosophy of Notation"<ref name="CSP1885" /> (1885), published in the premier American mathematical journal of the day, and cited by [[Peano]] and Schröder, among others, who ignored Frege. They also adopted and modified Peirce's notations, typographical variants of those now used. Peirce apparently was ignorant of Frege's work, despite their overlapping achievements in logic, [[philosophy of language]], and the [[foundations of mathematics]]. Peirce's work on formal logic had admirers besides [[Ernst Schröder (mathematician)|Ernst Schröder]]: * Philosophical algebraist [[William Kingdon Clifford]]<ref>Beil, Ralph G. and Ketner, Kenneth (2003), "Peirce, Clifford, and Quantum Theory", ''International Journal of Theoretical Physics'' v. 42, n. 9, pp. 1957–1972.</ref> and logician [[William Ernest Johnson]], both British; * The Polish school of logic and foundational mathematics, including [[Alfred Tarski]]; * [[Arthur Prior]], who praised and studied Peirce's logical work in a 1964 paper<ref name="SP2" /> and in ''Formal Logic'' (saying on page 4 that Peirce "perhaps had a keener eye for essentials than any other logician before or since").
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