Editing Cambrai (section)

====Development====
[[Faubourg]]s were developed, at the time of the [[Merovingian dynasty|Merovingian]] prosperity, to the north and west of the primitive castrum, around the churches of Saint-Vaast and Saint-Aubert. The looting of the city by the [[Vikings]] in December 880 convinced the Bishop Dodilon to strengthen and expand fortifications: The new enclosure he built tripled the size of the city.<ref group=b>pp.23–25</ref> To the southeast, on a hillock called Mont-des-Bœufs, Bishop [[Gaugericus]] had founded an abbey in 595, originally dedicated to Saint Médard and Saint Loup, then, after the death of the founder, Gaugericus himself. This abbey was certainly also protected by an enclosure. The space which separated these two urban cores hosted markets and fairs.<ref group=b>p.25</ref>

[[File:Cambrai - Cameracvm vulgo Cambray - Kamerijk (Atlas van Loon).jpg|thumb|right|City map dating from 1649]]
[[File:Map of Cambrai 1710.jpg|thumb|right|Map of 1710]]

These two quarters were joined in the 11th century when Bishop [[Gerard of Florennes|Gérard I]] built the churches of Saint Nicolas and the [[Cambrai Cathedral|Saint Sepulchre]], southeast of the city and east of Mont-des-Bœufs. The town hall, the market, butcher and various bodies of craftsmen settled in this new urban space that Bishop Lietbert had protected by an earth rampart. Even today the ''Grand-place'', the covered market, and a few names of streets (the ''Rue de Liniers'', ''Rue des Rôtisseurs'', ''Rue des Chaudronniers'' and ''Rue des Cordiers'') recall this stage of urban development.<ref group=b>p.37-38</ref>

The Bishop [[Gerard II (bishop of Cambrai)|Gérard II]] later replaced the earth rampart with a stone wall with towers, gates and ditches and encompassed the entire built space. Therefore Cambrai had reached the perimeter it would retain until the 19th century: While other cities in the region such as [[Bruges]], [[Ghent]] or [[Douai]] expanded their enclosures until the 14th century, that of Cambrai was redesigned and reinforced, but without affecting the outline.<ref group=b>p.61-62</ref><ref group=d>p.355</ref> The outline of this wall from the 11th century is still visible in the current boulevards.

It was probably under the episcopates of the bishops Gérard I, Liebert and Gérard II, in the 11th century, that was built the {{Interlanguage link multi|Château de Selles|fr}}, a fortress located on the edge of the Scheldt to the northwest of the city. In the 13th century, the Bishop Nicolas III de Fontaines ordered work to put it "on a good foot of defence".<ref>{{cite book|first1=Henri|last1=Montigny|title=Le château de Selles à Cambrai, Photographies et documentation|publisher=Centre culturel de Cambrai|year=1982|page=11|display-authors=etal}}</ref> This castle, owned by the bishop-counts, was intended as much to monitor the city as to ensure the defence. Its military role ended in the 16th century, when [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] grabbed the city and ordered the construction, on Mont-des-Bœufs northeast of the town, of a citadel for which 800 houses were demolished along with the Abbey of Saint Gaugericus.<ref group=b>p.106</ref> The Château de Selles was then used as a prison.