Editing Buffalo, New York (section)

===Utilities===
[[File:Albany County DPW vehicles assisting with snow removal in the aftermath of the December 2022 blizzard, Michigan Avenue, Buffalo, New York - 20221228.jpg|thumb|Erie County snow removal vehicles in Masten Park neighborhood, following the [[December 2022 North American winter storm|Blizzard of 2022]]]]

Buffalo's water system is operated by [[Veolia Water]], and water treatment begins at the Colonel Francis G. Ward Pumping Station.<ref name=Veolia>{{cite web |title=Annual Drinking Water Quality Report For Calendar Year 2019 |url=https://buffalowater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2019-AWQR-Buffalo-Water-6.22.2020-2.pdf |website=Buffalo Water, managed by [[Veolia Water|Veolia]] |access-date=25 May 2021 |date=2020 |archive-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124111242/https://buffalowater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2019-AWQR-Buffalo-Water-6.22.2020-2.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> When it opened in 1915, the station's capacity was second only to Paris.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fink |first1=James |title=Inside the Col. Francis G. Ward Pump Station |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/buffalo/news/2020/02/14/water-works-a-look-inside-col-ward-pumping-station.html |url-access=limited |website=Buffalo Business First |publisher=[[American City Business Journals]] |access-date=28 May 2021 |date=February 14, 2020 |archive-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104230141/https://www.bizjournals.com/buffalo/news/2020/02/14/water-works-a-look-inside-col-ward-pumping-station.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wastewater treatment|Wastewater]] is treated by the Buffalo Sewer Authority, its coverage extending to the eastern suburbs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Buffalo Sewer Authority; Biosolids Facility Report {{!}} ECHO {{!}} US EPA |url=https://echo.epa.gov/biosolids-facility-report?id=NYL028410 |website=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] |access-date=25 May 2021 |language=en |archive-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525022116/https://echo.epa.gov/biosolids-facility-report?id=NYL028410 |url-status=live }} and {{cite web |title=About |url=https://buffalosewer.org/about/ |website=Buffalo Sewer Authority |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220120802/https://buffalosewer.org/about/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation|National Grid]] and [[New York State Electric & Gas]] (NYSEG) provide electricity, and [[National Fuel Gas]] provides natural gas.<ref name = "Utilities">{{cite book |title=Buffalo Police Department Manual of Procedures |url=https://www.buffalony.gov/DocumentCenter/View/7562/CHAPTER-14---COOPERATION-WITH-OTHER-AGENCIESpdf |publisher=City of Buffalo |at=11.0 |access-date=25 May 2021 |chapter=Chapter 14: Cooperation with Other Agencies; Public Utilities |archive-date=March 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326045112/https://www.buffalony.gov/DocumentCenter/View/7562/CHAPTER-14---COOPERATION-WITH-OTHER-AGENCIESpdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The city's primary telecommunications provider is [[Spectrum (TV service)|Spectrum]];<ref name = "Utilities" /> [[Verizon Fios]] serves the North Park neighborhood. A 2018 report by [[Ookla]] noted that Buffalo was one of the bottom five U.S. cities in average download speeds at 66&nbsp;[[megabits per second]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dewey |first1=Caitlin |author-link=Caitlin Dewey |title=As Buffalo's internet speeds rank among slowest in U.S., consumers can't do much |url=https://buffalonews.com/news/local/as-buffalos-internet-speeds-rank-among-slowest-in-u-s-consumers-cant-do-much/article_86a2ab2b-bccf-54fa-bd6e-aa1e29cd6c44.html |url-access=limited |website=[[The Buffalo News]] |access-date=25 May 2021 |language=en |date=February 15, 2019 |archive-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525022112/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/as-buffalos-internet-speeds-rank-among-slowest-in-u-s-consumers-cant-do-much/article_86a2ab2b-bccf-54fa-bd6e-aa1e29cd6c44.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The city's Department of Public Works manages Buffalo's [[snow removal|snow]] and trash removal and [[Street cleaner|street cleaning]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Streets / Sanitation |url=https://www.buffalony.gov/382/Streets-Sanitation |website=City of Buffalo |access-date=26 May 2021 |archive-date=May 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526071406/https://www.buffalony.gov/382/Streets-Sanitation |url-status=live}}</ref> Snow removal generally operates from November 15 to April 1. A [[snow emergency]] is declared by the National Weather Service after a snowstorm, and the city's roads, major sidewalks and bridges are cleared by over seventy [[snowplow]]s within 24 hours.<ref name = "CitySnow">{{cite web |author1=Department of Public Works, Parks and Streets |title=2016-2017 Snow Removal Standard Operating Procedures |url=https://www.buffalony.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2985/City-of-Buffalo-Snow-Plan |website=City of Buffalo |access-date=24 May 2021 |pages=5–10 |archive-date=September 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926182614/https://www.buffalony.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2985/City-of-Buffalo-Snow-Plan |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rock salt]] is the principal agent for preventing snow accumulation and melting ice. Snow removal may coincide with driving bans and parking restrictions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mroziak |first1=Michael |last2=Buckley |first2=Eileen |last3=Debo |first3=Dave |last4=Fetouh |first4=Omar |last5=Caya |first5=Chris |title=Blizzard warning, driving ban, state of emergency in Buffalo |url=https://news.wbfo.org/post/blizzard-warning-driving-ban-state-emergency-buffalo |website=[[WBFO]] |access-date=25 May 2021 |language=en |date=January 30, 2019 |archive-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525000537/https://news.wbfo.org/post/blizzard-warning-driving-ban-state-emergency-buffalo |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=WGRZ Staff |title=City of Buffalo reinstates alternate parking rules following holiday snow storm |url=https://www.wgrz.com/article/news/local/buffalo-residents-urged-to-stay-home-as-crews-clear-city-streets/71-d2f739fa-2c98-423f-b964-146782933bf6 |website=[[WGRZ-TV]] |access-date=25 May 2021 |date=December 26, 2020}}</ref> The area along the Outer Harbor is the most dangerous driving area during a snowstorm;<ref name="CitySnow" /> when weather conditions dictate, the Buffalo Skyway is closed by the city's police department.<ref>{{cite book |title=Manual of Procedures |publisher=City of Buffalo Police Department |url=https://www.buffalony.gov/DocumentCenter/View/7575/CHAPTER-7---TRAFFICpdf |access-date=24 May 2021 |chapter=Chapter 7: Traffic; Closing the Skyway Complex |at=3.0 |archive-date=March 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326045114/https://www.buffalony.gov/DocumentCenter/View/7575/CHAPTER-7---TRAFFICpdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

To prevent [[ice jam]]s which may impact hydroelectric plants in Niagara Falls, the [[New York Power Authority]] and [[Ontario Power Generation]] began installing an ice [[Boom (containment)|boom]] annually in 1964. The boom's installation date is temperature-dependent,<ref>{{cite web |title=Lake Erie - Niagara River Ice Boom Installation 2020 |url=https://www.ijc.org/en/nbc/lake-erie-niagara-river-ice-boom-installation-2020 |website=International Joint Commission |access-date=25 May 2021 |language=en |date=2020-12-08 |archive-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525024038/https://www.ijc.org/en/nbc/lake-erie-niagara-river-ice-boom-installation-2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> and it is removed on April 1 unless there is more than {{cvt|650|km2}} of ice remaining on eastern Lake Erie.<ref>{{cite web |title=Section 6: Lake Erie - Niagara River Ice Boom |url=https://www.ijc.org/en/nbc/watershed/faq/6 |website=International Joint Commission |access-date=25 May 2021 |language=en |date=2018-08-23 |archive-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525024042/https://www.ijc.org/en/nbc/watershed/faq/6 |url-status=live}}</ref> It stretches {{cvt|2680|m}} from the outer [[breakwall]] at the Buffalo Outer Harbor to the Canadian shore near Fort Erie.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Erie-Niagara River ICE BOOM |url=https://legacyfiles.ijc.org/tinymce/uploaded/INBC/ice_glace-info_e.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516083014/https://legacyfiles.ijc.org/tinymce/uploaded/INBC/ice_glace-info_e.pdf}}</ref> Originally made of wood, the boom now consists of steel [[Float (nautical)|pontoon]]s.<ref>{{cite conference |last1=Liddiard |first1=R. |last2=Comfort |first2=G. |last3=Abdelnour |first3=R. |title=Performance of the Lake Erie Ice Boom, Eight Years After Major Design Modifications in 1997 |date=September 15, 2005 |citeseerx=10.1.1.498.4173 |conference=CGU HS Committee on River Ice Processes and the Environment: 13th Workshop on the Hydraulics of Ice Covered Rivers |location=Hanover, New Hampshire}}</ref>

{{wide image|File:Steel Winds 2007.png|620px|[[Steel Winds]], a local [[wind farm]], with city of Buffalo seen in background across [[Lake Erie]]}}