Editing Biodiversity (section)

== Role of society ==

=== Transformative change ===
In 2019, a summary for policymakers of the largest, most comprehensive study to date of biodiversity and ecosystem services, the ''[[Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services]]'', was published by the [[Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services]] (IPBES). It stated that "the state of nature has deteriorated at an unprecedented and accelerating rate". To fix the problem, humanity will need a transformative change, including [[sustainable agriculture]], reductions in [[Consumption (economics)|consumption]] and waste, fishing quotas and collaborative water management.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.ipbes.net/sites/default/files/downloads/spm_unedited_advance_for_posting_htn.pdf |title=Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services |date=6 May 2019 |publisher=the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services |access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Deutsche Welle |first1=Deutsche |date=6 May 2019 |title=Why Biodiversity Loss Hurts Humans as Much as Climate Change Does |agency=Ecowatch |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/biodiversity-loss-human-health-2636410357.html |access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref>

The concept of [[nature-positive]] is playing a role in mainstreaming the goals of the [[Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework|Global Biodiversity Framework]] (GBF) for biodiversity.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Booth |first1=Hollie |last2=Milner-Gulland |first2=E.J. |last3=McCormick |first3=Nadine |last4=Starkey |first4=Malcolm |title=Operationalizing transformative change for business in the context of Nature Positive |journal=One Earth |date=July 2024 |volume=7 |issue=7 |pages=1235–1249 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2024.06.003 }}</ref> The aim of mainstreaming is to embed biodiversity considerations into public and private practice to [[Conservation biology|conserve]] and [[Sustainability|sustainably use]] biodiversity on global and local levels.<ref name=":4">{{cite journal |last1=Milner-Gulland |first1=E.J. |last2=Addison |first2=Prue |last3=Arlidge |first3=William N.S. |last4=Baker |first4=Julia |last5=Booth |first5=Hollie |last6=Brooks |first6=Thomas |last7=Bull |first7=Joseph W. |last8=Burgass |first8=Michael J. |last9=Ekstrom |first9=Jon |last10=zu Ermgassen |first10=Sophus O.S.E. |last11=Fleming |first11=L. Vincent |last12=Grub |first12=Henry M.J. |last13=von Hase |first13=Amrei |last14=Hoffmann |first14=Michael |last15=Hutton |first15=Jonathan |last16=Juffe-Bignoli |first16=Diego |last17=ten Kate |first17=Kerry |last18=Kiesecker |first18=Joseph |last19=Kümpel |first19=Noëlle F. |last20=Maron |first20=Martine |last21=Newing |first21=Helen S. |last22=Ole-Moiyoi |first22=Katrina |last23=Sinclair |first23=Cheli |last24=Sinclair |first24=Sam |last25=Starkey |first25=Malcolm |last26=Stuart |first26=Simon N. |last27=Tayleur |first27=Cath |last28=Watson |first28=James E.M. |title=Four steps for the Earth: mainstreaming the post-2020 global biodiversity framework |journal=One Earth |date=January 2021 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=75–87 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2020.12.011 |bibcode=2021OEart...4...75M }}</ref> The concept of nature-positive refers to the societal goal to halt and reverse biodiversity loss, measured from a baseline of 2020 levels, and to achieve full so-called "nature recovery" by 2050.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Nature Positive? |url=https://www.naturepositive.org/what-is-nature-positive/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Nature Positive Initiative |language=en-GB}}</ref> 

=== Citizen science ===
[[Citizen science]], also known as public participation in scientific research, has been widely used in environmental sciences and is particularly popular in a biodiversity-related context. It has been used to enable scientists to involve the general public in biodiversity research, thereby enabling the scientists to collect data that they would otherwise not have been able to obtain.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Peter |first1=Maria |last2=Diekötter |first2=Tim |last3=Höffler |first3=Tim |last4=Kremer |first4=Kerstin |title=Biodiversity citizen science: Outcomes for the participating citizens |journal=People and Nature |date=April 2021 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=294–311 |doi=10.1002/pan3.10193 |bibcode=2021PeoNa...3..294P |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Volunteer observers have made significant contributions to on-the-ground knowledge about biodiversity, and recent improvements in technology have helped increase the flow and quality of occurrences from citizen sources. A 2016 study published in Biological Conservation<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chandler |first1=Mark |last2=See |first2=Linda |last3=Copas |first3=Kyle |last4=Bonde |first4=Astrid M.Z. |last5=López |first5=Bernat Claramunt |last6=Danielsen |first6=Finn |last7=Legind |first7=Jan Kristoffer |last8=Masinde |first8=Siro |last9=Miller-Rushing |first9=Abraham J. |last10=Newman |first10=Greg |last11=Rosemartin |first11=Alyssa |last12=Turak |first12=Eren |title=Contribution of citizen science towards international biodiversity monitoring |journal=Biological Conservation |date=September 2017 |volume=213 |pages=280–294 |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2016.09.004 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2017BCons.213..280C }}</ref> registers the massive contributions that citizen scientists already make to data mediated by the [[Global Biodiversity Information Facility|Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)]]. Despite some limitations of the dataset-level analysis, it is clear that nearly half of all occurrence records shared through the GBIF network come from datasets with significant volunteer contributions. Recording and sharing observations are enabled by several global-scale platforms, including [[iNaturalist]] and [[eBird]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Walters |first1=Michele |last2=Scholes |first2=Robert J. |title=The GEO Handbook on Biodiversity Observation Networks |date=2017 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-319-27288-7 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-27288-7 |hdl=20.500.12657/28080 }}{{page needed|date=September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aristeidou |first1=Maria |last2=Herodotou |first2=Christothea |last3=Ballard |first3=Heidi L. |last4=Higgins |first4=Lila |last5=Johnson |first5=Rebecca F. |last6=Miller |first6=Annie E. |last7=Young |first7=Alison N. |last8=Robinson |first8=Lucy D. |title=How Do Young Community and Citizen Science Volunteers Support Scientific Research on Biodiversity? The Case of iNaturalist |journal=Diversity |date=July 2021 |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=318 |doi=10.3390/d13070318 |pmid=35873351 |pmc=7613115 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021Diver..13..318A }}</ref>