Editing Australian Capital Territory (section)

=== Transport ===
[[File:Tuggeranong_Parkway.jpg|right|thumb|Aerial view of Tuggeranong Parkway, a major highway which links Canberra's city centre with [[Tuggeranong]].]]
[[File:New_terminal_building_at_Canberra_Airport_cropped2.jpg|right|thumb|[[Canberra Airport]] terminal]]
[[File:Canberra Railway Station.jpg|thumb|[[Canberra railway station]]]]
[[File:BUS877-04.jpg|thumb|[[ACTION]] [[Ansair]] bodied [[Renault PR100]].2]]
The automobile is by far the dominant form of transport in the territory.<ref name="road">{{cite web |url=http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/ncet/natcapauth/report/chapter9.pdf |title=Canberra's transport system |publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207011010/http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/ncet/natcapauth/report/chapter9.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2012 |access-date=23 April 2010}}</ref> The city is laid out so that arterial roads connecting inhabited clusters run through undeveloped areas of open land or forest, which results in a low population density;{{sfn|Penguin Books Australia|2000|pp=23–25}} this also means that idle land is available for the development of future transport corridors if necessary without the need to build tunnels or acquire developed residential land. In contrast, other capital cities in Australia have substantially less green space.{{sfn|Penguin Books Australia|2000|pp=3–6, 32–35, 53–59, 74–77, 90–91, 101–104}}

[[Suburbs of Canberra]] are generally connected by [[parkway]]s—limited access [[dual carriageway]] roads<ref name="road" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.justice.act.gov.au/page/view/3063/title/act-road-hierarchy |title=ACT Road Hierarchy |date=21 August 2012 |publisher=ACT Government |access-date=14 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222033051/http://www.justice.act.gov.au/page/view/3063/title/act-road-hierarchy |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> with speed limits generally set at a maximum of {{cvt|100|km/h|0}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chiefminister.act.gov.au/media.php?v=5787&s=29 |title=Survey shows speeding at disputed camera site |date=17 July 2007 |publisher=[[Australian Capital Territory Chief Minister's Department|Chief Minister's Department]] |access-date=23 April 2010 |archive-date=28 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928013134/http://www.chiefminister.act.gov.au/media.php?v=5787&s=29 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afp.gov.au/act/road_traffic/speeding.html |title=Speeding |date=20 May 2008 |publisher=[[Australian Federal Police]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112054723/http://www.afp.gov.au/act/road_traffic/speeding.html |archive-date=12 November 2009 |access-date=23 April 2010}}</ref> An example is the [[Tuggeranong Parkway]] which links Canberra's CBD and Tuggeranong, and bypasses Weston Creek.{{sfn|Universal Publishers|2007|pp=57, 67, 77}} In most districts, discrete residential suburbs are bounded by main arterial roads with only a few residential linking in, to deter non-local traffic from cutting through areas of housing.{{sfn|Universal Publishers|2007|pp=1–100}}

[[ACTION]], the government-operated bus service, provides public transport route services in the territory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.action.act.gov.au/About_ACTION/corporate |title=Corporate |publisher=ACTION |access-date=25 February 2014 |archive-date=5 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205171504/https://www.action.act.gov.au/About_ACTION/corporate |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[CDC Canberra]] provides bus services between the territory and nearby areas of New South Wales ([[Murrumbateman]] and [[Yass, New South Wales|Yass]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transborder.com.au/index.php/about-us-bottom |title=About Us |publisher=[[Transborder Express]] |access-date=23 June 2017}}</ref> and as Qcity Transit ([[Queanbeyan]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://qcitytransit.com.au/about-us |title=About Us |publisher=[[Qcity Transit]] |access-date=23 June 2017}}</ref> A [[Light rail in Canberra|light rail line]] that opened in April 2019 links the CBD with the northern district of [[Gungahlin]]. At the 2016 census, 7.1% of the journeys to work involved public transport while 4.5% were on foot.<ref name="Census2016">{{Census 2016 AUS|id=UCL802001|name=Canberra – Queanbeyan (Canberra Part) |access-date=29 October 2017|quick=on}}</ref>

There are two local taxi companies. [[Aerial Consolidated Transport|Aerial Capital Group]] enjoyed monopoly status until the arrival of Cabxpress in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/02/03/1839551.htm |title=Taxi company 'not concerned' at losing monopoly |date=3 February 2007 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218043332/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/02/03/1839551.htm |archive-date=18 February 2011}}</ref> In October 2015, the territory government passed legislation to regulate ride sharing, allowing ride share services including [[Uber]] to operate legally in the territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-30/uber-launches-in-canberra/6898514 |title=Uber launches in ACT as Canberra becomes first city to regulate ride sharing |date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101065334/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-30/uber-launches-in-canberra/6898514 |archive-date=1 November 2015 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Commission}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/uber-goes-live-in-canberra-with-more-than-a-hundred-drivers-registered-20151030-gkmqaa.html |title=Uber goes live in Canberra with more than 100 drivers registered |last=McIlroy |first=Tom |date=30 October 2015 |newspaper=The Canberra Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105033829/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/uber-goes-live-in-canberra-with-more-than-a-hundred-drivers-registered-20151030-gkmqaa.html |archive-date=5 November 2015 |publisher=Fairfax Media}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/oct/30/act-chief-minister-launches-uber-in-canberra-calling-it-a-real-step-forward |title=ACT chief minister launches regulated Uber in Canberra, calling it 'a real step forward' |date=30 October 2015 |newspaper=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103153733/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/oct/30/act-chief-minister-launches-uber-in-canberra-calling-it-a-real-step-forward |archive-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> The territory government was the first jurisdiction in Australia to enact legislation to regulate the service.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.afr.com/technology/fullyregulated-uber-services-start-in-canberra-20151029-gkmgko |title=Fully-regulated Uber services start in Canberra |date=30 October 2015 |newspaper=Australian Financial Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030134534/http://www.afr.com/technology/fullyregulated-uber-services-start-in-canberra-20151029-gkmgko |archive-date=30 October 2015 |publisher=Fairfax Media}}</ref>

An interstate [[NSW TrainLink]] railway service connects Canberra to Sydney.<ref name="traindestinations">{{Cite New South Wales transport timetables|Southern Region}}</ref> [[Canberra railway station|Canberra's railway station]] is in the inner south suburb of [[Kingston, Australian Capital Territory|Kingston]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.countrylink.info/travel_passes/travelpass_agencies |title=Travel pass agencies |date=14 December 2009 |publisher=[[CountryLink]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220052328/http://www.countrylink.info/travel_passes/travelpass_agencies |archive-date=20 February 2011 |access-date=23 April 2010}}</ref> Train services to Melbourne are provided by way of a NSW TrainLink bus service which connects with a rail service between Sydney and Melbourne in Yass, about a one-hour drive from Canberra.<ref name="traindestinations" />{{sfn|Penguin Books Australia|2000|pp=20}}

Canberra is about three hours by road from Sydney on the [[Federal Highway, Australia|Federal Highway]] (National Highway 23),{{sfn|Penguin Books Australia|2000|loc=inside cover}} which connects with the [[Hume Highway]] (National Highway 31) near [[Goulburn]], and seven hours by road from Melbourne on the [[Barton Highway]] (National Highway 25), which joins the Hume Highway at Yass.{{sfn|Penguin Books Australia|2000|loc=inside cover}} It is a two-hour drive on the [[Monaro Highway]] (National Highway 23) to the ski fields of the [[Snowy Mountains]] and the [[Kosciuszko National Park]].{{sfn|Penguin Books Australia|2000|pp=20}} [[Batemans Bay]], a popular holiday spot on the New South Wales coast, is also two hours away via the [[Kings Highway, Australia|Kings Highway]].{{sfn|Penguin Books Australia|2000|pp=20}}

[[Canberra Airport]] provides direct domestic services to [[Sydney]], [[Melbourne]], [[Brisbane]], [[Adelaide]], [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]], [[Hobart]] and [[Perth]], with connections to other domestic centres.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canberraairport.com.au/air_flight_info/departures.cfm |title=Departures |publisher=[[Canberra Airport]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902105846/http://www.canberraairport.com.au/air_flight_info/departures.cfm |archive-date=2 September 2012 |access-date=13 May 2010}}</ref> There are also direct flights to regional cities: [[Dubbo]] and [[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]] in New South Wales. Regular direct international flights operate to Singapore and [[Doha]] from the airport daily, but both with a stopover in Sydney before Canberra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singapore Airlines brings first class to Canberra on daily flights |url=https://www.executivetraveller.com/singapore-airlines-brings-first-class-to-canberra-on-daily-flights |website=Executive Traveller |date=24 January 2018 |language=en |access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar Airways joins Singapore Airlines in growing Canberra international market – ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-13/qatar-airways-join-singapore-airlines-in-canberra-international/9442554 |date=13 February 2018 |website=abc.net.au |language=en-AU |access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref> Canberra Airport is, as of September 2013, designated by the [[Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development|Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development]] as a restricted use designated international airport.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/international/icao/desig_airports.aspx |title=Designated International Airports in Australia |date=27 February 2013 |publisher=Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510090836/http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/international/icao/desig_airports.aspx |archive-date=10 May 2013}}</ref> Until 2003, the civilian airport shared runways with [[Fairbairn airbase|RAAF Base Fairbairn]]. In June of that year, the Air Force base was decommissioned and from that time the airport was fully under civilian control.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hogan |first=Richard |date=July 2003 |title=Farewell to Fairbairn |publisher=Royal Australian Air Force |volume=45 |issue=12 |journal=Air Force}}</ref>