Editing Academy Awards (section)

=== Lack of diversity ===
The Academy Awards have long received criticism over its lack of diversity among the nominees.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 15, 2016 |title=In Hollywood, diversity tends to ignore the disabled |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-hollywood-diversity-disabled-20160610-snap-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426062804/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-hollywood-diversity-disabled-20160610-snap-story.html |archive-date=April 26, 2017 |access-date=April 25, 2017 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 24, 2017 |title=Oscars diversity debate must include learning disability |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/feb/24/oscars-diversity-debate-must-include-learning-disability |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212317/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/feb/24/oscars-diversity-debate-must-include-learning-disability |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=April 25, 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Oscars 2016: Lack of Diversity Has Historically Been a Problem |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/oscars-2016-lack-diversity-historically-problem/story?id=37062502 |url-status=live |access-date=April 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426150745/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/oscars-2016-lack-diversity-historically-problem/story?id=37062502 |archive-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> This criticism is based on the statistics from every Academy Awards since 1929, which show that only 6.4% of Academy Award nominees have been non-white and since 1991, 11.2% of nominees have been non-white, with the rate of winners being even more polarizing.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Berman |first=Eliza |title=This Chart Proves the Oscars Have a Serious Diversity Problem |url=https://labs.time.com/story/oscars-diversity/ |url-status=live |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430194958/http://labs.time.com/story/oscars-diversity/ |archive-date=April 30, 2018 |access-date=April 25, 2018}}</ref> For a variety of reasons, including marketability and historical bans on interracial couples, a number of high-profile Oscars have been given to [[Examples of yellowface|yellowface]] portrayals, as well as performances of Asian characters rewritten for white characters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Casting White People in Asian Roles Goes Back Centuries |date=August 20, 2018 |url=https://www.history.com/news/yellowface-whitewashing-in-film-america |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119135943/https://www.history.com/news/yellowface-whitewashing-in-film-america |archive-date=January 19, 2019 |access-date=May 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Moreno |first=Carolina |date=February 24, 2017 |title=11 Times The Oscars Honored White Actors For Playing People Of Color |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/11-times-the-oscars-honored-white-actors-for-playing-people-of-color_n_58aefe72e4b0140601306fe8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212314/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/11-times-the-oscars-honored-white-actors-for-playing-people-of-color_n_58aefe72e4b0140601306fe8 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=May 22, 2019 |website=HuffPost}}</ref> It took until 2023 for an Asian woman to win an [[Academy Award for Best Actress]], when [[Michelle Yeoh]] received the award for her performance in ''[[Everything Everywhere All at Once]]''. The [[88th Academy Awards|88th awards ceremony]] became the target of a boycott, popularized on social media with the [[hashtag]] #OscarsSoWhite, based on activists' perception that its all-white acting nominee list reflected bias.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Vliet |first=Hannah |date=December 1, 2021 |title=White Saviors Get Gold Trophies: Colorblind Racism and Film Award Culture |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.1386/fm_00182_1 |url-status=live |journal=Film Matters |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=140–151 |doi=10.1386/fm_00182_1 |issn=2042-1869 |s2cid=247260533 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323154250/https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/fm_00182_1 |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |access-date=April 9, 2022}}</ref> In response, the Academy initiated "historic" changes in membership by 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sims |first=David |date=January 19, 2016 |title=Can a Boycott Change the Oscars? |work=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/01/can-a-boycott-change-the-oscars/424593/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226162236/http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/01/can-a-boycott-change-the-oscars/424593/ |archive-date=February 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Kreps |first=Daniel |date=January 23, 2016 |title=Academy Promises 'Historic' Changes to Diversify Membership |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/academy-promises-historic-changes-to-diversify-membership-20160123 |url-status=live |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226155628/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/academy-promises-historic-changes-to-diversify-membership-20160123 |archive-date=February 26, 2016}}</ref> Some media critics claim the Academy's efforts to address its purported racial, gender and national biases are merely distractions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lacina |first1=Bethany |last2=Hecker |first2=Ryan |date=May 16, 2021 |title=The Academy Awards Will Have New Diversity Rules to Qualify for an Oscar. But There's a Huge Loophole |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/04/23/academy-awards-will-have-new-diversity-rules-qualify-an-oscar-theres-huge-loophole/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523022558/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/04/23/academy-awards-will-have-new-diversity-rules-qualify-an-oscar-theres-huge-loophole/ |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |access-date=May 23, 2021 |magazine=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/movies/oscars-best-picture-diversity.html |first=Kyle |last=Buchanan |title=The Oscars' New Diversity Rules Are Sweeping but Safe |magazine=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 16, 2021 |access-date=April 23, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=September 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910082228/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/movies/oscars-best-picture-diversity.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://remezcla.com/features/film/alfonso-cuaron-oscar-nomination-diversity/ |first=Jessica |last=Valent |title=Are 'Roma's Oscar Nominations a Win for Diversity or a Different Shade of Whiteness in Hollywood? |magazine=[[Remezcla]] |date=February 15, 2019 |access-date=June 23, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-date=September 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930100720/https://remezcla.com/features/film/alfonso-cuaron-oscar-nomination-diversity/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-et-st-oscars-mcnamara-notebook-white-hollywood-20160115-column.html |first=Mary |last=McNamara |title=Oscars 2016: It's time for Hollywood to stop defining great drama as white men battling adversity |magazine=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 15, 2016 |access-date=November 23, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-date=October 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005170402/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-et-st-oscars-mcnamara-notebook-white-hollywood-20160115-column.html}}</ref> By contrast, the [[Golden Globe Awards]] already have multiple winners of Asian descent in leading actress categories.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.goldderby.com/article/2023/michelle-yeoh-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-golden-globes-asian-winners/|title=Michelle Yeoh: Second Asian comedy/musical actress Golden Globe winner|last=Eng|first=Joyce|date=January 10, 2023|work=GoldDerby|access-date=January 11, 2023|archive-date=January 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111050648/https://www.goldderby.com/article/2023/michelle-yeoh-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-golden-globes-asian-winners/|url-status=live}}</ref> Some question whether the Academy's definition of "merit" is just or empowering for non-Americans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ejumpcut.org/currentissue/DaleHudson/index.html |first=Dale |last=Hudson |title=#OscarMustFall: On Refusing to Give Power to Unjust Definitions of "Merit" |magazine=[[Jump Cut (journal)|Jump Cut]] |year=2022 |access-date=September 27, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=September 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919195412/https://www.ejumpcut.org/currentissue/DaleHudson/index.html}}</ref>

The Academy's Representation and Inclusion Standards have been criticized for excluding [[Jews]] as a distinct underrepresented class.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Kevin E G |date=January 10, 2024 |title=Jewish entertainers' group criticises Academy over diversity efforts |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/jewish-entertainers-academy-diversity-criticism-b2476041.html |access-date=January 10, 2024 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref>