Editing 2002 Winter Olympics (section)

==Concerns and controversies==
===Disqualifications for doping===
{{further|Doping at the Olympic Games#2002 Salt Lake City}}
The 2002 Winter Olympics were the first Winter Olympics held after the formation of the [[World Anti-Doping Agency]], resulting in the first instances of athletes being disqualified for failing drug testing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Expect illegal drugs at 2012 Olympics |author=Bob Weiner & Caitlin Harrison |url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/opinion/50948868-82/drug-games-olympics-athletes.html.csp |newspaper=The Salt Lake Tribune |date=December 29, 2010 |access-date=January 7, 2011 |archive-date=March 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322004515/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/opinion/50948868-82/drug-games-olympics-athletes.html.csp |url-status=live }}</ref> Athletes in [[cross-country skiing (sport)|cross-country skiing]] were disqualified for various reasons, including [[doping (sport)|doping]] by two Russians and one Spaniard, leading Russia to file protests and threaten to withdraw from the competition.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/22/sports/olympics-protests-russians-threaten-to-pull-out-of-games.html |title=OLYMPICS: PROTESTS; Russians Threaten To Pull Out Of Games |first=Michael |last=Janofsky |date=February 22, 2002 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824142254/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/22/sports/olympics-protests-russians-threaten-to-pull-out-of-games.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Pairs figure skating judging controversy===
{{Main|2002 Winter Olympics figure skating scandal}}
A major scandal emerged during the [[Figure skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics|pairs figure skating competition]]; the Canadian pair of [[Jamie Salé]] and [[David Pelletier]] narrowly lost to the Russian pair of [[Elena Berezhnaya]] and [[Anton Sikharulidze]], despite the Canadians being deemed the favorites to win after their free skate program. The French judge [[Marie-Reine Le Gougne]] alleged that the head of the [[French Federation of Ice Sports]], [[Didier Gailhaguet]], had pressured her to judge the competition in favor of Russia regardless of performance. Amid criticisms of the incident by both Canadian and American media outlets, and suspicions that this was part of a [[vote swapping]] scheme with Russia to benefit the French ice dance team, the [[International Skating Union]] (ISU) voted to suspend Le Gougne for failing to immediately inform officials of Gailhaguet's actions. They also recommended to the IOC that the gold medal be jointly awarded to both pairs. An IOC panel voted in favor of the motion, resulting in both Salé and Pelletier, as well as Berezhnaya and Sikharulidze, being jointly awarded gold medals.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Swift|first=E. M.|date=February 25, 2002|title=Thorny Issue|url=https://vault.si.com/vault/2002/02/25/thorny-issue-canadian-pair-david-pelletier-and-jamie-sale-got-belated-gold-even-as-a-judging-scandal-so-shook-the-sport-that-it-brought-talk-of-long-overdue-reform|magazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=August 20, 2021|archive-date=March 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312044551/https://vault.si.com/vault/2002/02/25/thorny-issue-canadian-pair-david-pelletier-and-jamie-sale-got-belated-gold-even-as-a-judging-scandal-so-shook-the-sport-that-it-brought-talk-of-long-overdue-reform|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Reaction2">{{cite news|last=Sandomir|first=Richard|date=February 19, 2002|title=As the Story Unfolds, NBC Has the Biggest Part|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/19/sports/sports-media-as-the-story-unfolds-nbc-has-the-biggest-part.html|access-date=August 20, 2021|archive-date=April 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416045518/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/19/sports/sports-media-as-the-story-unfolds-nbc-has-the-biggest-part.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Disqualification of Kim Dong-Sung===
{{Main|Short track speed skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Men's 1500 metres#Controversy}}
In the final race A, with one lap remaining and currently in second place, [[Apolo Ohno]] of the United States attempted to make a pass on the leader [[Kim Dong-Sung]] of South Korea, who then drifted to the inside and as a result, Ohno raised his arms to imply he was blocked. Kim finished first ahead of Ohno, but the Australian referee [[James Hewish]] disqualified Kim for what appeared to be impeding, awarding the gold medal to Ohno.<ref name="stptimes">{{Cite news|title=Ohno finishes second, then first as winner is disqualified |date=August 24, 2002 |work=St. Petersburg Times |url=http://www.sptimes.com/2002/02/21/Olympics/Ohno_finishes_second_.shtml |access-date=March 14, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161638/http://www.sptimes.com/2002/02/21/Olympics/Ohno_finishes_second_.shtml |archive-date=December 8, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="protestDQ">{{Cite news |title=South Korean DQ'd; officials promise protest |date=February 23, 2002 |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/winter02/speed/news?id=1337596 |work=[[ESPN]] |access-date=March 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210232707/http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/winter02/speed/news?id=1337596 |archive-date=December 10, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The South Korean team immediately protested the decision of the chief official of the race, but their protests were denied by the [[International Skating Union]] (ISU).<ref name="disqualified">{{Cite news |title=Ohno disqualified in 500, U.S. falls in 5,000 relay |date=February 23, 2002 |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/winter02/speed/news?id=1339742 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |via=[[ESPN]] |access-date=February 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060301220624/http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/winter02/speed/news?id=1339742 |archive-date=March 1, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="protestDQ"/><ref name="sportslaw2002">Epstein (2002), 272–273.</ref> The South Korean team then appealed to the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) and the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] (CAS).<ref name="disqualified"/><ref name="sportslaw2002"/> The IOC refused to see the case, stating, "This is a matter for the ISU to decide on. At this time, the IOC has received no proposal and taken no action".<ref name="disqualified"/><ref name="sportslaw2002"/>

The disqualification of Kim upset South Korean supporters, many of whom directed their anger at Ohno and the IOC. A large number of e-mails protesting the race results crashed the IOC's email server, and thousands of accusatory letters, many of which contained death threats, were sent to Ohno and the IOC.<ref name="disqualified"/><ref>{{Cite news |title=Skating union rejects protest of South Korean's DQ |date=February 21, 2002 |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/2002/speed_skating/news/2002/02/21/south_korea_lawsuit_ap/ |agency=[[Associated Press]] |via=[[CNN]] |access-date=February 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029051444/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/2002/speed_skating/news/2002/02/21/south_korea_lawsuit_ap/ |archive-date=October 29, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="YNA1">{{Cite news |author1={{Lang|ko|강훈상}} |script-title=ko:동계올림픽 쇼트트랙 판정에 네티즌 분노 '폭발' |trans-title=Netizens explode their anger over short track ruling at the Winter Olympics |date=February 21, 2002 |url=https://n.news.naver.com/news/article/001/0000132685 |agency=[[Yonhap News Agency]] |via=[[Naver]] |access-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822125637/https://n.news.naver.com/news/article/001/0000132685 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="YNA2">{{Cite news |author1={{Lang|ko|강훈상}} |script-title=ko:美 쇼트트랙 오노선수 홈페이지 '다운' |trans-title=Website of American short track player Ohno crashed |date=February 21, 2002 |url=https://n.news.naver.com/news/article/001/0000132730 |agency=[[Yonhap News Agency]] |via=[[Naver]] |access-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822125616/https://n.news.naver.com/news/article/001/0000132730 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="YNA3">{{Cite news |author1={{Lang|ko|이정진}} |script-title=ko:IOC 홈페이지 마비 사태 |trans-title=IOC's website paralyzed |date=February 22, 2002 |url=https://sports.news.naver.com/news.nhn?oid=001&aid=0000132808 |agency=[[Yonhap News Agency]] |via=[[Naver]] |access-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822125618/https://sports.news.naver.com/news.nhn?oid=001&aid=0000132808 |url-status=live }}</ref> South Korean media accused Ohno of simulating foul, using the [[Konglish]] word "Hollywood action".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hjLMb8bJNmfxBpn75QuYzRj6sHUg| title=Ohno slammed by Koreans in bitter echo of 2002| date=February 16, 2002| access-date=March 11, 2014| agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]| archive-date=February 20, 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220194707/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hjLMb8bJNmfxBpn75QuYzRj6sHUg| url-status=dead}}</ref> The controversy continued at the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]], held jointly in South Korea and Japan several months after the Olympics.<ref name="Sports Illustrated"/> When the [[South Korea national football team|South Korean soccer team]] scored a goal during the [[2002 FIFA World Cup Group D#South Korea vs United States|group stage match]] against the [[United States men's national soccer team|U.S. team]], South Korean players [[Ahn Jung-Hwan]] and [[Lee Chun-Soo]] made an [[Goal celebration|exaggerated move]] imitating the move Ohno had made during the speed skating event to imply the other athlete had drifted into his lane.<ref name="Sports Illustrated">{{Cite magazine |title=Korean Hostility |last1=Cazeneuve |first1=Brian |publisher=[[Time Inc.]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222133741/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1114728/index.htm |archive-date=February 22, 2014 |date=December 13, 2004 |magazine=Sports Illustrated |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1114728/index.htm |access-date=November 2, 2014 |via=[[CNN]]}}</ref>