Editing 1982 Lebanon War (section)

===Casualties===
{{Main|Israeli casualties of war|Palestinian casualties of war}}

====Lebanese, Palestinian, and Syrian casualties====
[[File:Syrian Tank burning in Tzuk Track.jpg|thumb|A Syrian tank burning on the road outside Jezzine]]
Estimates of numbers of the casualties in the conflict vary widely.<ref name="Tucker2010">{{cite book|author=Spencer C. Tucker|title=The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts &#91;5 volumes&#93;: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U05OvsOPeKMC|volume=2|date=8 October 2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-948-1|page=732}}</ref>

By the end of the first week, 14 June 1982, [[International Red Cross]] and Lebanese police figures said that 9,583 had died and 16,608 injured. By the end of the second week, they said up to 14,000 people died and 20,000 were injured, mostly civilians.<ref name="Fisk">[[#reffisk2001|Fisk, pp.&nbsp;255–257]]</ref>

During the [[Siege of Beirut]], by late August 1982, Lebanese sources put the death toll in Beirut at 6,776. This figure included victims of the 4 June 1982, bombing, which occurred two days before the operation officially started. Lebanese police and international doctors serving in Beirut put the number of civilian casualties at about 80%.<ref name="Dunigan2011">{{cite book|author=Molly Dunigan|title=Victory for Hire: Private Security Companies' Impact on Military Effectiveness|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZJtWi-zF4IC&pg=PA103|date=28 February 2011|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-7459-8|pages=103–}}</ref> According to American military analyst Richard Gabriel, all factions in the conflicts agree that between 4,000 and 5,000 civilians died during the siege caused by military activity of all sides. He states that most of the observers that were present on the ground and other relevant sources in Lebanon agree that estimates of 8,000–10,000 are too high.<ref name=Gabriel/>

Accurate numbers of total casualties are hard to estimate, due to "[t]he chaos of warfare, the destruction of city neighborhoods and refugee camps, the haste with which bodies were buried in mass graves and the absence of impartial agencies".<ref>{{cite news|last=Shipler|first=David K.|title=Toll of Lebanon Dead and Injured Is Still Uncertain in Chaos of War|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 July 1982}}</ref> Many officials in Beirut, including those of the International Red Cross, claimed that the number of deaths were extremely difficult to estimate correctly. At least one official from a relief organization claimed that in the South about 80% of deaths were civilian and only 20% military.<ref name=Race />

In early September 1982, the independent Beirut newspaper ''An Nahar'' published an estimate of deaths from hospital and police records covering the period from 6 June to 31 August 1982.<ref name=Race>{{cite journal|title=The 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon: the casualties|journal=Race & Class|year=1983|volume=24|issue=4|pages=340–3|doi=10.1177/030639688302400404|s2cid=220910633}}</ref> It claimed that 17,285 people were killed: 5,515 people, both military and civilian, in the Beirut area; and 2,513 civilians, as well as 9,797 military forces, including PLO and Syrians, outside of the Beirut area.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mid-Range Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c100k.htm#Lebanon|access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref>

The Lebanese authorities gave a figure of 19,085 killed and 30,000 wounded with combatants accounting for 57% of the dead and civilians 43% in 1982. They do not include the estimated 800–3,500 killed in the Sabra and Shatila massacre.<ref name=Race />

Richard Gabriel estimated that roughly 2,400 PLO fighters were killed during the war, of whom about 1,400 were killed throughout southern Lebanon and another 1,000 killed during the Siege of Beirut. Gabriel also estimated that between 5,000 and 8,000 civilians died during the war. Some later estimates have put the total figure at 18–19,000 killed and more than 30,000 wounded, most of them civilians. 80% of villages in South Lebanon were damaged, with some completely destroyed.<ref name=Gabriel/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Saad-Ghorayeb |first1=Amal|title=Factors Conducive to the Politicization of the Lebanese ShĪ'a and the Emergence of Hizbu'llĀh|journal=Journal of Islamic Studies|date=2003|volume=14|issue=3 |page=300|doi=10.1093/jis/14.3.273}} cited in Waines An Introduction to Islam (2004)</ref><ref name="Waines2004">{{cite book|author=David Waines|title=An Introduction To Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y6qOwAACAAJ|date=1 October 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press India Pvt. Limited|isbn=978-81-7596-189-0|page=285}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Casualties of Mideast Wars|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-03-08-mn-2592-story.html|access-date=1 October 2014|work=Los Angeles Times|agency=Associated Press|date=8 March 1991}}</ref><ref name="DonnellyHoward-Hassmann1987">{{cite book|author1=Jack Donnelly|author2=Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann | author2-link = Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann |title=International Handbook of Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RmMCmvYBQtMC&pg=PA247|date=1 January 1987|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-24788-0|pages=247–}}</ref> The Israeli government maintained that about 1,000 Palestinian fighters and 800 Lebanese civilians died during the invasion, excluding the siege of Beirut.<ref name=payment>{{cite news|title=Lebanon Demands Payment|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=16 November 1984}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Walsh|first=Edward|title=Lebanon, Israel Resume Talks on Troop Pullout|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=16 November 1984}}</ref> [[Anthony Tucker-Jones]] estimated that about 1,500 PLO fighters were killed. [[Kenneth Pollack]] estimated that 1,200 Syrian soldiers were killed and about 3,000 wounded during the war.<ref name=Pollack/>

====Israeli casualties====
[[File:פינוי פצועים במלחמת לבנון הראשונה.jpg|thumb|A wounded Israeli soldier arrives at [[Rambam Health Care Campus|Rambam Medical Center]] in [[Haifa]] after being evacuated by helicopter]]
According to Israeli figures, Israeli losses in Operation Peace for Galilee were 368 dead and 2,383 wounded, from 6 June until 10 October. The highest ranking IDF casualty of the war was Brigadier General [[Yekutiel Adam]], who was Deputy Chief of Staff of the IDF and had been appointed to be the next Director-General of the [[Mossad]]. He was killed by a Palestinian fighter while seeking protection in a house in Dawha, near Damour, during a mortar attack. Other Israeli fatalities included one Colonel, two Lieutenant Colonels; 19 Majors, 28 Captains, 46 Lieutenants, 132 Sergeants, 90 Corporals, and 49 Privates.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.jta.org/1982/10/13/archive/israels-army-reports-368-soldiers-were-killed-and-2383-were-wounded-in-lebanon-war | title = Israel's Army Reports 368 Soldiers Were Killed and 2,383 Were Wounded in Lebanon War | publisher = JTA | date= 13 October 1982| access-date= 10 August 2020}}</ref> According to Kenneth Pollack, Israeli losses in action against the Syrians were 195 dead and 872 wounded. 130 Israeli tanks were destroyed or damaged by the Syrians, as were 175 [[Armoured personnel carrier|APC]]s.<ref name=Pollack/>

The IDF's total casualties in the First Lebanon War from June 1982 to June 1985 amounted 654 killed and 3,887
wounded.<ref>Uri Ben-Eliezer, War over Peace - One Hundred Years of Israel's Militaristic Nationalism, University of California Press (2019)</ref><ref>Gad Barzilai, Wars, Internal Conflicts, and Political Order - A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East, State University of New York Press (1996)</ref>

The IDF continued to occupy a substantial part of Lebanon even after the withdrawal to security zone in June 1985. Resistance continued and IDF losses continued to mount. By the time IDF withdrew from Lebanon in May 2000 the total number of IDF fatalities had reached 1,216 killed since June 1982.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=h5QL1LkFGm0C&dq=1%2C216+IDF+killed+lebanon&pg=PT82 Imperfect Compromise: A New Consensus Among Israelis and Palestinians], Michael I. Karpin</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.haaretz.co.il/blogs/israelimyths/BLOG-1.7336923 | title = 37 שנה למלחמת לבנון הראשונה: "הנוצרים תפסו פראיירים, אותנו" | publisher = www.haaretz.co.il | author= יזהר באר | date =  6 June 2019  | access-date= 20 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.news1.co.il/Archive/003-D-93979-00.html | title = רצועת הביטחון - מלחמה ללא שם | publisher = News1 מחלקה ראשונה | author= אורן פטוקה  | date= 8 July 2014 | access-date= 20 March 2021}}</ref>

IDF lost six soldiers as [[Missing in action]] in the [[Battle of Sultan Yacoub]]. Two prisoners and the bodies of another two were later returned to Israel but two soldiers remain missing.<ref name=background>{{cite web |url=https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/mfa-archive/1996/pages/background%20on%20missing%20israeli%20soldiers%20-%2021-jul-96.aspx|title=Background on Missing Israeli Soldiers|author=IDF Spokesman's Office|date=July 21, 1996|access-date=October 16, 2019|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]}}</ref>
Palestinian factions captured 11 IDF soldiers during the war, including one of the soldiers missing from Sultan Yaacoub, an Israeli air force pilot in the [[Battle of the Beaufort (1982)|Beaufort battle]], a soldier during the [[Siege of Beirut]] and eight soldiers in the raid on an [[Bhamdoun abduction operation|IDF observation post in Bhamdoun]]. All eleven prisoners were subsequently released in prisoner exchanges.

Israeli civilian casualties from cross-border shelling numbered 9–10 killed and at least 248 wounded between June 1982 and 1999.<ref>1 killed between June 1982 and June 1992 ([http://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0605/05013.html/%28page%29/2 Israelis See Little Apparent Gain From Invasion], ''Csmonitor'', retrieved 4 February 2014), 9 killed from 1985–1999 ([https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/lebciv.html Israeli Civilians Killed/Wounded On the Lebanese Border], ''Jewish Virtual Library'', retrieved 14 February 2014)</ref>