Editing Working memory (section)

===ADHD===
Several authors<ref>Barkley; Castellanos and Tannock; Pennington and Ozonoff; Schachar (according to the source)</ref> have proposed that symptoms of [[ADHD]] arise from a primary deficit in a specific executive function (EF) domain such as working memory, response inhibition or a more general weakness in executive control.<ref name="WillcuttDoyle2005">{{cite journal | vauthors = Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF | title = Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 57 | issue = 11 | pages = 1336–1346 | date = June 2005 | pmid = 15950006 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006 | s2cid = 9520878 }}</ref> A meta-analytical review cites several studies that found significant lower group results for ADHD in spatial and verbal working memory tasks, and in several other EF tasks. However, the authors concluded that EF weaknesses neither are necessary nor sufficient to cause all cases of ADHD.<ref name="WillcuttDoyle2005" />

Several [[neurotransmitters]], such as [[dopamine]] and [[glutamate]] may be involved in both ADHD and working memory. Both are associated with the [[frontal lobe|frontal]] brain, self-direction and self-regulation, but [[Causality|cause–effect]] have not been confirmed, so it is unclear whether working memory dysfunction leads to ADHD, or ADHD distractibility leads to poor functionality of working memory, or if there is some other connection.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kofler MJ, Rapport MD, Bolden J, Altro TA | title = Working Memory as a Core Deficit in ADHD: Preliminary Findings and Implications. | journal = The ADHD Report | date = December 2008 | volume = 16 | issue = 6 | pages = 8–14 | doi = 10.1521/adhd.2008.16.6.8 | url = http://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/adhd.2008.16.6.8 }}</ref><ref name="Clark Blackwell 2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Clark L, Blackwell AD, Aron AR, Turner DC, Dowson J, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ | title = Association between response inhibition and working memory in adult ADHD: a link to right frontal cortex pathology? | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 61 | issue = 12 | pages = 1395–1401 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17046725 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.020 | s2cid = 21199314 }}</ref><ref name="Roodenrys Koloski 2001">{{cite journal| vauthors = Roodenrys S, Koloski N, Grainger J |year=2001|title=Working memory function in attention deficit hyperactivity disordered and reading disabled children|journal=British Journal of Developmental Psychology|volume=19|issue=3|pages=325–337|doi=10.1348/026151001166128|issn=0261-510X|doi-access=free}}</ref>