Editing Welsh language (section)

==Phonology==
{{Main|Welsh phonology}}
The [[phonology]] of Welsh includes a number of sounds that do not occur in English and are [[linguistic typology|typologically]] rare in [[Languages of Europe|European languages]]. The [[voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives|voiceless alveolar lateral fricative]] {{IPA|[ɬ]}}, the [[voiceless nasal]]s {{IPA|[m̥]}}, {{IPA|[n̥]}} and {{IPA|[ŋ̊]}}, and the [[voiceless alveolar trill]] {{IPA|[r̥]}} are distinctive features of the Welsh language. [[Stress (linguistics)|Stress]] usually falls on the penultimate syllable in polysyllabic words, and the word-final unstressed syllable receives a higher [[pitch (music)|pitch]] than the stressed syllable.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+Consonant phonemes
!
! colspan="2" |[[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" |[[Interdental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" |[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" |[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
! colspan="2" |[[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br />alveolar]]
! colspan="2" |[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" |[[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! colspan="2" |[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|m̥}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|m}}
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|n̥}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|n}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|ŋ̊}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ŋ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
![[Stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|p}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|b}}
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|t}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|d}}
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |({{IPA link|tʃ}})
| style="border-left: 0;" |({{IPA link|dʒ}})
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|k}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ɡ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|f}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|v}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|θ}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ð}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|s}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |({{IPA link|z}})
| style="border-right: 0;" | {{IPA link|ɬ}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|ʃ}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | {{IPA link|χ}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|h}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
![[Trill consonant|Trill]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | {{IPA link|r̥}}
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|r}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|l}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" |
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|j}}
| style="border-right: 0;" |({{IPA link|ʍ}})
| style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|w}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}
Symbols in parentheses are either [[allophone]]s, or found only in [[loanword]]s.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Vowel phonemes
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" |[[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" |[[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
!<small>short</small>
!<small>long</small>
!<small>short</small>
!<small>long</small>
!<small>short</small>
!<small>long</small>
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|ɪ}}
|{{IPA link|iː}}
|{{IPA link|ɨ̞}}
|{{IPA link|ɨː}}
|{{IPA link|ʊ}}
|{{IPA link|uː}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|ɛ}}
|{{IPA link|eː}}
|{{IPA link|ə}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɔ}}
|{{IPA link|oː}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|a}}
|{{IPA link|aː}}
|
|
|}

The vowels /ɨ̞/ and /ɨ/ are only found in Northern varieties of Welsh. In the South these have merged with /ɪ/ and /i/ in all cases.