Editing Wales (section)

===National symbols and identity===
{{Main|Welsh national identity|National symbols of Wales}}
[[File:Welsh Dragon (Y Ddraig Goch).svg|thumb|The [[Welsh Dragon|red dragon]], a popular symbol in Wales.]]
Wales is regarded as a modern [[Celtic nations|Celtic nation]] which contributes to its national identity,<ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Who were the Celts? |url=https://museum.wales/articles/1341/Who-were-the-Celts/ |access-date=26 September 2022 |website=Museum Wales }}</ref><ref name="kochnation">{{cite book |last=Koch |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&q=celtic+nation |title=Celtic Culture : A Historical Encyclopedia |publisher=ABL-CIO |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-85109-440-0 |pages=xx, 300, 421, 495, 512, 583, 985 |access-date=24 November 2011}}</ref> with Welsh artists regularly appearing at [[List of Celtic festivals|Celtic festivals]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Success for BBC Cymru Wales at Celtic Media Festival 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2022/success-for-bbc-wales-at-celtic-media-festival-2022/ |access-date=26 September 2022 |website=www.bbc.com }}; {{cite web |title=Explore Celtic culture in new S4C programme from Inter-Celtic Festival of Lorient {{!}} Arts Council of Wales |url=https://arts.wales/news-jobs-opportunities/explore-celtic-culture-new-s4c-programme-inter-celtic-festival-lorient |access-date=26 September 2022 |website=arts.wales }}</ref> The [[Welsh Dragon|red dragon]] is the principal symbol of national identity and pride, personifying the fearlessness of the Welsh nation.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |date=3 July 2019 |title=National symbols of Wales |url=https://www.wales.com/about/culture/national-symbols-wales |access-date=6 September 2022 |website=Wales }}</ref> The dragon is first referenced in literature as a symbol of the people in the [[Historia Brittonum]]. [[Vortigern]] ({{Langx|cy|Gwrtheyrn}}), [[King of the Britons|King of the Celtic Britons]], is interrupted while attempting to build a fort at Dinas Emrys. He is told by Ambrosius{{Efn|"{{langx|la|Ambrosius vocor, id est, Embreis Guletic.|lit="I am called Ambrosius, that is Embreis Guletic"}}.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/histbrit.html |title=Historia Brittonum |location=42 |access-date=26 September 2022}}</ref> Embreis Guletic is probably Emrys Gwledig.}} to dig up two dragons beneath the castle. He discovers a red dragon representing the [[Celtic Britons]], and a white dragon representing Anglo-Saxons. Ambrosius prophesies that the Celtic Britons will reclaim the island and push the Anglo-Saxons back to the sea.<ref name="HistoriaBrittonum">''[[wikisource:History of the Britons|Historia Brittonum]]'' by Nennius (translated by J.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;Giles)</ref>

As an emblem, the red dragon of Wales has been used since the reign of [[Cadwaladr]], [[List of rulers of Wales|King of Gwynedd]] from around 655&nbsp;AD, and appears prominently on the national [[flag of Wales]], which became an official flag in 1959.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 July 2019 |title=Wales history: Why is the red dragon on the Welsh flag? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-47389680 |access-date=6 September 2022}}</ref> The banner of [[Owain Glyndŵr]] is associated with Welsh nationhood; it was carried into battle by Welsh forces during [[Glyndŵr Rising|Glyndŵr's battles]] against the English, and includes four lions on red and gold.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Wales – History – Themes – Welsh flag: Banner of Owain Glyndwr |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/flag_owainglyndwr.shtml |access-date=29 July 2022 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> The standard is similar to the arms of [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]] (Llywelyn the Last), the last Prince of Wales before the conquest of Wales by [[Edward I of England]]. The design may also be influenced by the arms of Glyndŵr's parents, both of whom had lions in their arms. [[Owain Glyndŵr Day]] is celebrated on 16 September in Wales and there have been calls to make it a national bank holiday.<ref>{{cite web |last=WalesOnline |date=15 September 2004 |title=Flying the flag to remember Glyndŵr |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/flying-flag-remember-glyndwr-2422875 |access-date=12 August 2022 |website=WalesOnline }}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite news |title=Calls for 'Glyndwr Day' on anniversary |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/926973.stm |access-date=20 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Glyndŵr Day is worthy of a new national holiday |url=https://www.thenational.wales/news/19582497.glyndwr-day-worthy-new-national-holiday/ |access-date=15 September 2022 |website=The National Wales |archive-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202155519/https://www.thenational.wales/news/19582497.glyndwr-day-worthy-new-national-holiday/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Prince of Wales's feathers]] is also used in Wales: it consists of three white feathers emerging from a gold coronet, and the German motto ''Ich dien'' (I serve). Several Welsh representative teams, including [[Logo of the Welsh Rugby Union|the Welsh rugby union]], and Welsh regiments in the [[British Army]], including the [[Royal Welsh]], use the badge or a stylised version of it.<ref>{{cite web |last=Williams |first=Nino |date=25 November 2018 |title=The uncomfortable truth about the three feathers symbol embraced by Wales |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/uncomfortable-truth-three-feathers-symbol-15451660 |access-date=12 August 2022 |website=WalesOnline}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30076214|title=Royal Welch Fusiliers badge|publisher=Imperial War Museum|access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref>{{efn|Wales is not separately represented on the [[Union Jack]] as, at the time of the flag's creation, Wales was considered part of England.<ref>{{cite web |last=Deacon |first=Thomas |date=12 September 2018 |title=Why Wales isn't represented on the Union Jack |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/wales-isnt-represented-union-jack-15138001 |access-date=15 September 2022 |website=WalesOnline}}</ref>}}

On 1 March, Welsh people celebrate [[Saint David's Day]], commemorating the death of the country's patron saint in 589.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bergsagel |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DmpsCwAAQBAJ&dq=st+david+welsh+identity&pg=PA307 |title=Of Chronicles and Kings: National Saints and the Emergence of Nation States in the High Middle Ages |last2=Riis |first2=Thomas |last3=Hiley |first3=David |date=9 December 2015 |publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |isbn=978-87-635-4260-9 |pages=307 }}</ref> It is not a recognised [[bank holiday]] although there have been calls to make it so.<ref name=":8">{{cite web |last=Mosalski |first=Ruth |date=15 February 2022 |title=10,000 want St David's Day to be a bank holiday but UK gov says no |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/politics/st-davids-day-bank-holiday-23099964 |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=WalesOnline }}</ref><ref name=":52">{{cite news |date=1 March 2006 |title=Poll backs St David's Day holiday |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/4760362.stm |access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=Should patron saint's days be bank holidays? {{!}} YouGov |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/04/23/brits-support-patron-saints-days-bank-holidays-ind |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=yougov.co.uk }}</ref> The day is celebrated by schools and cultural societies across Wales, and customs include the wearing of a [[leek]] or a [[daffodil]], which are two national emblems of Wales. Children also wear the national costume.<ref>{{cite web |title=St David's Day |url=https://museum.wales/articles/1183/St-Davids-Day/ |access-date=2 December 2022 |website=Museum Wales }}</ref> The origins of the leek can be traced to the 16th century, while the daffodil became popular in the 19th century, encouraged by [[David Lloyd George]].<ref name="Davies189">Davies (2008) p. 189</ref> This is attributed to confusion (or association) between the Welsh for leeks, {{lang|cy|cennin}}, and that for daffodils, {{lang|cy|cennin Pedr}} or St. Peter's leeks.<ref name="ONS Cymru" /> A report in 1916 gave preference to the leek, which has appeared on British pound coins.<ref name="Davies189" /> Other Welsh festivals include [[Gŵyl Mabsant|Mabsant]] when parishes would celebrate the patron saint of their local church, although this is now rarely observed,<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2007 |title=The forgotten festivals of Wales |url=http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/article/1913/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122162419/http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/article/1913/ |archive-date=22 January 2011 |access-date=3 October 2010 |website=[[National Museum Wales|Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales]] website |publisher=[[National Museum Wales|Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales]]}}</ref> and a more modern celebration, [[Dydd Santes Dwynwen]] (St Dwynwen's Day), observed on 25 January in a similar way to St Valentine's Day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2007 |title=St. Dwynwen's Day-Diwrnod Santes Dwynwen January 25th |url=http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/Wales-History/StDwynwen.htm |access-date=29 November 2010 |website=[[National Museum Wales|Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales]] website |publisher=[[National Museum Wales|Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales]]}}</ref>

"{{lang|cy|[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau]]}}" ({{langx|en|Land of My Fathers}}) is the ''de facto'', national anthem of Wales and is played at events such as football or rugby matches involving the Wales national team, as well as the opening of the Senedd and other official occasions.<ref>{{cite web |year=2010 |title=Welsh National Anthem: History: About Wales |url=http://www.visitwales.co.uk/about-wales-guide-to-wales-culture-people-and-language/welsh-history/welsh-national-anthem/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101202124/http://www.visitwales.co.uk/about-wales-guide-to-wales-culture-people-and-language/welsh-history/welsh-national-anthem/ |archive-date=1 January 2011 |access-date=21 October 2010 |website=[[Visit Wales]] website |publisher=[[Welsh Government]]}}; {{cite news |date=1 December 2008 |title=The anthem in more recent years |work=[[BBC Cymru Wales]] website |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/6586105.stm |access-date=21 October 2010}}</ref> "{{lang|cy|Cymru am byth}}" ("Wales forever") is a popular Welsh motto.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 February 2015 |title=Cymru am byth! The meaning behind the Welsh motto |work=[[WalesOnline]] |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/fun-stuff/cymru-am-byth-meaning-behind-8592076 |access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref> Another Welsh motto "Y [[Welsh Dragon|Ddraig Goch]] Ddyry Cychwyn" ("the [[Welsh Dragon|red dragon]] inspires action") has been used on the [[Royal Badge of Wales]] when it was created in 1953.<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC – Wales – History – Themes – Welsh Flag: An official emblem |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/flag_officialemblem.shtml |access-date=6 September 2022 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>