Editing Vampire (section)

=== Film and television ===
{{main|Vampire film|List of vampire films|List of vampire television series}}

[[File:NosferatuShadow.jpg|thumb|A scene from [[F. W. Murnau]]'s ''[[Nosferatu]]'', 1922|alt=A shadow of a vampire and a railing.]]

Considered one of the preeminent figures of the classic horror film, the vampire has proven to be a rich subject for the film, television, and gaming industries. [[Count Dracula in popular culture|Dracula is a major character]] in more films than any other but [[Sherlock Holmes]], and many early films were either based on the novel ''Dracula'' or closely derived from it. These included the 1922 silent German Expressionist horror film ''[[Nosferatu]]'', directed by [[F. W. Murnau]] and featuring the first film portrayal of Dracula—although names and characters were intended to mimic ''Dracula''{{'}}s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keatley |first=Avery |title=Try as she might, Bram Stoker's widow couldn't kill 'Nosferatu' |language=en |work=NPR.org |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/03/15/1086605684/try-as-she-might-bram-stokers-widow-couldnt-kill-nosferatu |access-date=20 April 2022 |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404182540/https://www.npr.org/2022/03/15/1086605684/try-as-she-might-bram-stokers-widow-couldnt-kill-nosferatu |url-status=live }}</ref> Universal's ''[[Dracula (1931 English-language film)|Dracula]]'' (1931), starring [[Béla Lugosi]] as the Count and directed by [[Tod Browning]], was the first [[talking film]] to portray Dracula. Both Lugosi's performance and the film overall were influential in the blossoming [[horror film]] genre, now able to use sound and special effects much more efficiently than in the [[Silent film era|Silent Film Era]].  The influence of this 1931 film lasted throughout the rest of the 20th century and up through the present day. [[Stephen King]], [[Francis Ford Coppola]], [[Hammer Horror]], and [[Philip Saville]] each have at one time or another derived inspiration from this film directly either through staging or even through directly quoting the film, particularly how Stoker's line "''Listen to them. Children of the night. What music they make!''" is delivered by Lugosi; for example Coppola paid homage to this moment with Gary Oldman in his interpretation of the tale in 1992 and King has credited this film as an inspiration for his character Kurt Barlow repeatedly in interviews.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisenberg |first=Eric |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/television/2567212/adapting-stephen-king-salems-lot-vampiric-terror-tv-miniseries-tobe-hooper |title=Adapting Stephen King's Salem's Lot: How Does The Vampiric Terror Of 1979's TV Miniseries Hold Up? |publisher=Cinemablend |date=12 May 2021 |access-date=5 May 2022 |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427163847/https://www.cinemablend.com/television/2567212/adapting-stephen-king-salems-lot-vampiric-terror-tv-miniseries-tobe-hooper |url-status=live }}</ref> It is for these reasons that the film was selected by the US [[Library of Congress]] to be in the [[National Film Registry]] in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/ |access-date=20 April 2022 |website=Library of Congress |archive-date=28 July 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190728162129/https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Bela lugosi dracula.jpg|thumb|left|[[Count Dracula]] as portrayed by [[Bela Lugosi]] in 1931's ''[[Dracula (1931 English-language film)|Dracula]]''|alt=See caption]]

The legend of the vampire continued through the film industry when Dracula was reincarnated in the pertinent [[Hammer Horror]] series of films, starring [[Christopher Lee]] as the Count. The successful 1958 ''[[Dracula (1958 film)|Dracula]]'' starring Lee was followed by seven sequels. Lee returned as Dracula in all but two of these and became well known in the role.{{sfn|Marigny|1994|pp=92–95}} By the 1970s, vampires in films had diversified with works such as ''[[Count Yorga, Vampire]]'' (1970), an African Count in 1972's ''[[Blacula]]'', the BBC's ''[[Count Dracula (1977 film)|Count Dracula]]'' featuring French actor [[Louis Jourdan]] as Dracula and [[Frank Finlay]] as [[Abraham Van Helsing]], and a Nosferatu-like vampire in 1979's ''[[Salem's Lot (1979 TV miniseries)|Salem's Lot]]'', and a remake of ''Nosferatu'' itself, titled [[Nosferatu the Vampyre]] with [[Klaus Kinski]] the same year. Several films featured the characterization of a female, often lesbian, vampire such as Hammer Horror's ''[[The Vampire Lovers]]'' (1970), based on ''Carmilla'', though the plotlines still revolved around a central evil vampire character.{{sfn|Marigny|1994|pp=92–95}}

[[File:Jonathan Frid Barnabas Collins Dark Shadows 1968.JPG|thumb|right|upright|1960s television's ''Dark Shadows'', with [[Jonathan Frid]]'s [[Barnabas Collins]] vampire character|alt=See caption]]

The [[Gothic fiction|Gothic]] [[soap opera]] ''[[Dark Shadows]]'', on American television from 1966 to 1971, featured the vampire character [[Barnabas Collins]], portrayed by [[Jonathan Frid]], which proved partly responsible for making the series one of the most popular of its type, amassing a total of 1,225 episodes in its nearly five-year run. The pilot for the later 1972 television series ''[[Kolchak: The Night Stalker]]'' revolved around a reporter hunting a vampire on the [[Las Vegas Strip]]. Later films showed more diversity in plotline, with some focusing on the vampire-hunter, such as [[Blade (character)|Blade]] in the [[Marvel Comics]]' ''[[Blade (franchise)|Blade]]'' films and the film ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]''.<ref name=":1"/> ''Buffy'', released in 1992, foreshadowed a vampiric presence on television, with its adaptation to a [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer|series of the same name]] and its spin-off ''[[Angel (1999 TV series)|Angel]]''. Others showed the vampire as a protagonist, such as 1983's ''[[The Hunger (1983 film)|The Hunger]]'', 1994's ''[[Interview with the Vampire (film)|Interview with the Vampire]]'' and its indirect sequel ''[[Queen of the Damned]]'', and the 2007 series ''[[Moonlight (American TV series)|Moonlight]]''. The 1992 film ''[[Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992 film)|Bram Stoker's Dracula]]'' by [[Francis Ford Coppola]] became the then-highest grossing vampire film ever.{{sfn|Silver|Ursini|1997|p=208}}

This increase of interest in vampiric plotlines led to the vampire being depicted in films such as ''[[Underworld (2003 film)|Underworld]]'' and ''[[Van Helsing (film)|Van Helsing]]'', the Russian ''[[Night Watch (2004 film)|Night Watch]]'' and a TV miniseries remake of ''[[Salem's Lot (2004 TV miniseries)|Salem's Lot]]'', both from 2004. The series ''[[Blood Ties (TV series)|Blood Ties]]'' premiered on [[Lifetime Television]] in 2007, featuring a character portrayed as Henry Fitzroy, an illegitimate-son-of-[[Henry VIII|Henry-VIII-of-England]]-turned-vampire, in modern-day [[Toronto]], with a female former Toronto detective in the starring role. A 2008 series from HBO, entitled ''[[True Blood]]'', gives a [[Southern Gothic]] take on the vampire theme, while taking on the discussion on what the actual existence of vampires would mean to for instance [[equality before the law]] and religious beliefs.<ref name="slate" /> In 2008 ''[[Being Human (UK TV series)|Being Human]]'' premiered in Britain and featured a vampire that shared a flat with a werewolf and a ghost.<ref>Germania, Monica (2012): Being Human?  Twenty-First-Century Monsters. In: Edwards, Justin & Monnet, Agnieszka Soltysik (Publisher): The Gothic in Contemporary Literature and Popular Culture: Pop Goth. New York: Taylor, pp. 57–70</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/tv-blog/index.ssf/2014/06/top-10_most_important_vampire_programs_in_tv_history.html|author=Dan Martin|title=Top-10 most important vampire programs in TV history|date=19 June 2014|publisher=Cleveland.com|access-date=8 August 2014|archive-date=21 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021111509/https://www.cleveland.com/tv-blog/index.ssf/2014/06/top-10_most_important_vampire_programs_in_tv_history.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The continuing popularity of the vampire theme has been ascribed to a combination of two factors: the representation of [[human sexual activity|sexuality]] and the perennial dread of mortality.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bartlett|first=Wayne|author2=Flavia Idriceanu|title=Legends of Blood: The Vampire in History and Myth|year=2005|publisher=NPI Media Group|location=London|isbn=978-0-7509-3736-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/legendsofbloodva0000bart/page/46 46]|url=https://archive.org/details/legendsofbloodva0000bart/page/46}}</ref>