Editing United Kingdom (section)

=== Ethnicity ===
{{Main|Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom}}
[[File:Ethnic demography of the United Kingdom from 1951 - 2021.gif|thumb|upright=1.1|Ethnicities of United Kingdom (1951–2021)]]
Historically, indigenous British people were thought to be [[Genetic history of the British Isles|descended from ethnic groups]] that settled there before the 12th century: the [[Celts]], Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Norse and the [[Normans]]. [[Welsh people]] could be the oldest ethnic group in the UK.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 June 2012 |title=Welsh people could be most ancient in UK, DNA suggests |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-18489735 |access-date=28 April 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> The UK has a history of non-white immigration with [[Liverpool]] having the oldest black population in the country, dating back to at least the 1730s during the African slave trade. During this period, it is estimated the Afro-Caribbean population of Great Britain was 10,000 to 15,000<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2011 |title=Victoria and Albert Museum Black Presence |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/s/silver-service-slavery-the-black-presence-in-the-white-home/}}</ref> which later declined after the abolition of slavery.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Winder |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ORcaQIgdcEC&q=combed&pg=PT94 |title=Bloody Foreigners: The Story of Immigration to Britain |publisher=Little, Brown Book |date=2010 |isbn=978-0-7481-2396-4}}; {{Cite book |last=Costello |first=Ray |title=Black Liverpool: The Early History of Britain's Oldest Black Community 1730–1918 |publisher=Picton Press |date=2001 |isbn=978-1-873245-07-1 |location=Liverpool}}</ref> The UK also has the oldest [[British Chinese|Chinese]] community in Europe, dating to the arrival of Chinese seamen in the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Culture and Ethnicity Differences in Liverpool&nbsp;– Chinese Community |url=http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.1369 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724204513/http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.1369 |archive-date=24 July 2009 |access-date=9 March 2015 |publisher=Chambré Hardman Trust}}</ref> In 2021, 83% of the UK population identified themselves as white, meaning 17% of the UK population identify themselves as of one of an [[minority group|ethnic minority]] group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/3/filter-outputs/2c225a7b-0b5a-4a56-825e-2d6df1c6be93 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Office for National Statistics}}</ref>

Ethnic diversity varies significantly across the UK. 46.2% of London's population and 59.1% of [[Leicester]]'s was estimated to be non-white {{As of|lc=y|2021|}},<ref>{{Cite web |last=Post |first=HEPI Guest |date=10 January 2023 |title=Leicester – A super diverse-city |url=https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2023/01/10/leicester-a-super-diverse-city/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=HEPI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Plumplot |title=London Census 2021. |url=https://www.plumplot.co.uk/London-census-2021.html |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=www.plumplot.co.uk}}</ref> whereas less than 10% of the populations of [[North East England]], Wales and the [[South West England|South West]] were from ethnic minorities, according to the 2001 census.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census 2001&nbsp;– Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp |access-date=23 April 2008 |publisher=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> {{As of|2024|alt=In 2024}}, 37.4% of primary and 36.6% of secondary pupils at [[state school]]s in England were members of an ethnic minority.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schools, pupils and their characteristics, Academic year 2023/24 |url=https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/school-pupils-and-their-characteristics/2023-24 |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk}}</ref>