Editing United Fruit Company (section)

==The Great White Fleet==
{{For|group of United States Navy battleships which completed a journey around the globe in 1907–1909|Great White Fleet}}
[[File:United Fruit Ad 1916.jpg|thumb|1916 advertisement for the United Fruit Company steamship service]]
[[File:Map of United Fruit Company Steam Ship Routes.png|thumb|Routes of United Fruit Company steamship service (1924)]]
[[File:United Fruit "Great White Fleet" Menu 1935.jpg|thumb|Dinner menu, T.E.S. Chiriqui, 1935]]
[[File:USS Taurus (AF-25) underway in San Francisco Bay, California (USA), on 30 November 1942 (19-N-38671).jpg|thumb|{{USS|Taurus|AF-25|6}}, which was built as ''San Benito'' in 1921, may have been the world's first turbo-electric merchant ship]]
[[File:SS Abangarez.jpg|thumb|SS ''Abangarez'', a United Fruit banana boat, ''c.'' 1945]]
For over a century, United Fruit Company steamships carried bananas and passengers between Caribbean and United States seaports. These fast ships were initially designed to transport bananas but later included [[cargo liner]]s with accommodations for fifty to one hundred passengers. Cruises of two to four weeks were instrumental in establishing Caribbean tourism. These banana boats were painted white to keep the temperature of the bananas lower by more effectively reflecting tropical sunlight:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://visitpuertoarmuelles.com/united-fruit-company-the-great-white-fleet |title=United Fruit Company: The Great White Fleet |website=Visit Puerto Armuelles |date=19 August 2015 |access-date=18 October 2019 }}</ref>
*''Admiral Dewey'', ''Admiral Schley'', ''Admiral Sampson'' and ''Admiral Farragut'' (1899) were United States Navy vessels declared surplus after the [[Spanish–American War]]. Each carried 53 passengers and 35,000 bunches of bananas.<ref name="proceedings">{{cite magazine |last=Carl |first=Robert|title=The Banana Navy |journal=[[Proceedings (magazine)|Proceedings]] |date=December 1976 |issn=0041-798X|pages=50–56}}</ref>
*''Venus'' (1903) United Fruit Company's first refrigerated banana ship<ref name="proceedings"/>
*''San Jose'', ''Limon'' and ''Esparta'' (1904) first banana [[Reefer ship|reefers]] built to United Fruit design. ''San Jose'' and ''Esparta'' were sunk by [[U-boat#World War II (1939–1945)|U-boats]] in [[World War II]].<ref name="proceedings"/>
*''Atenas'' (1909) class of 13 5,000-ton banana reefers built in Ireland<ref name="proceedings"/>
*{{SS|Tivives|1911|3}} {{GRT|4596}} fruit carrier built by [[Workman, Clark & Company]] of Belfast, changed from British to United States registry 1914 when war broke out in Europe, served briefly as commissioned transport for U.S. Navy in World War I, and was again in service for World War II under U.S. Army charter then as [[War Shipping Administration]] transport. Torpedoed and sunk October 21, 1943 by German aircraft off Algeria in [[Convoy SL 138/MKS 28|Convoy MKS-28]].{{sfn|MARAD Vessel Status Card: ''Tivives''}}<ref>{{cite web |title=SS Tivives (+1943) |url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?179426 |publisher=Wrecksite.eu |access-date=6 July 2015}}</ref>
*''Carrillo'' and ''Sixaola'', sister ships of ''Tivives'', both 1911, both U.S. Navy in WW I. ''Carrillo'' as ID-1406  and ''Sixaola'' as ID-2777/4524.<ref>{{cite DANFS |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/carrillo.html |title=Carrillo |author=Naval History And Heritage Command |date= |work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships |publisher=Naval History And Heritage Command |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref><ref name=Sixaola>{{cite DANFS |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/sixaola.html |title=Sixaola |author=Naval History And Heritage Command |date= |work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships |publisher=Naval History And Heritage Command |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref> Both in WW II as United Fruit operated vessels for the [[War Shipping Administration]]. ''Carrillo'' survived to be scrapped 1948.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marad.dot.gov/sh/ShipHistory/Detail/830 |title=Carrillo |author=Maritime Administration |work=Ship History Database Vessel Status Card |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref> ''Sixaola'' was torpedoed and sunk 12 June 1942.<ref name=Sixaola/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marad.dot.gov/sh/ShipHistory/Detail/10974 |title=Sixaola |author=Maritime Administration |work=Ship History Database Vessel Status Card |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref> 
*''Pastores'' (1912) 7241-ton cruise liner became {{USS|Pastores|AF-16}}<ref name="Silverstone">{{cite book |last=Silverstone |first=Paul H |year=1968 |title=US Warships of World War II |location=New York |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday & Co]] |page=329|oclc=20281850}}</ref>
*''Calamares'' (1913) 7,622-ton banana reefer became {{USS|Calamares|AF-18}}<ref name="Silverstone"/>
*''Toloa'' (1917) 6,494-ton banana reefer<ref name="proceedings"/>
*''Ulua'' (1917) 6,494-ton banana reefer became {{USS|Octans|AF-26}}<ref name="Silverstone"/>
*''San Benito'' (1921) 3,724-ton [[Turbo-electric transmission|turbo-electric]] banana reefer became {{USS|Taurus|AF-25}}<ref name="Silverstone"/>
*''Mayari'' and ''Choluteca'' (1921) 3,724-ton banana reefers<ref name="proceedings"/>
*''La Playa'' (1923) banana reefer<ref name="proceedings"/>
*''La Marea'' (1924) 3,689-ton diesel-electric banana reefer became {{SS|Darien|1924|2}} 4,281-ton turbo-electric banana reefer in about 1929–31<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=31b0316.pdf |year=1931 |title=Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships |location=London |publisher=[[Lloyd's Register]] |access-date=23 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085203/http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=31b0316.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-19 }}</ref>
*''Telda'', ''Iriona'', ''Castilla'' and ''Tela'' (1927) banana reefers<ref name="proceedings"/>
*''Aztec'' (1929) banana reefer<ref name="proceedings"/>
*{{SS|Platano||2}} and {{SS|Musa||2}} (1930) turbo-electric banana reefers<ref name="proceedings"/>
*''Talamanca'' (1931) 6,963-ton turbo-electric passenger and cargo liner became {{USS|Talamanca|AF-15}}<ref name="Silverstone"/><!--launched 2 February 1931 -->
*''Jamaica'' (1931) 6,968-ton turbo-electric passenger and cargo liner became {{USS|Ariel|AF-22}}<ref name="Silverstone"/><!--launched 15 August 1931 -->
*''Chiriqui'' (1931) 6,963-ton turbo-electric passenger and cargo liner became {{USS|Tarazed|AF-13}}<ref name="Silverstone"/><!--launched 14 November 1931 -->
*{{SS|Antigua}} (1931) 6,982-ton Turbo-electric passenger and cargo liner providing two-week cruises of [[Cuba]], [[Jamaica]], [[Colombia]], [[Honduras]] and the [[Panama Canal Zone]].<ref name="proceedings"/><!--launched 12 December 1931 -->
*''Quirigua'' (1932) 6,982-ton turbo-electric passenger and cargo liner became {{USS|Mizar|AF-12}}<ref name="Silverstone"/><!--launched 6 February 1932 -->
*''Veraqua'' (1932) 6,982-ton turbo-electric passenger and cargo liner became {{USS|Merak|AF-21}}<ref name="Silverstone"/><!--launched 23 April 1932 -->
*''Oratava'' (1936) banana reefer<ref name="proceedings"/>
*''Comayagua'', ''Junior'', ''Metapan'', ''Yaque'' and ''Fra Berlanga'' (1946) banana reefers<ref name="proceedings"/>
*''Manaqui'' (1946) bulk sugar ship<ref name="proceedings"/>