Editing Umar (section)

=== Religious legacy ===
==== Sunni views ====
{{Main|Sunni view of Umar}}

Umar is remembered by Sunnis as a rigid Muslim of a sound and just disposition in matters of religion; a man they title ''Fārūq'', meaning "Distinguisher", and the second of the rightly guided caliphs. He patched his clothes with skin, took buckets on his two shoulders, always riding his donkey without the saddle, rarely laughing and never joking with anyone. On his ring is written the words "Enough is Death as a reminder to you O' Umar".<ref name="misas168">''Tartib wa Tahthib Kitab [[Al-Bidaya wa l-Nihaya]]'' by [[ibn Kathir]], published by Dar al-Wathan publications, [[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia, 1422 AH (2002), compiled by Muhammad ibn Shamil as-Sulami, p. 168</ref> He did not seek advancement for his own family, but rather sought to advance the interests of the Muslim community, the ''[[ummah]]''. According to one of Muhammad's companions, [[Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud]]:
{{blockquote|Umar's submission to Islam was a conquest, his migration was a victory, his Imamate (period of rule) was a blessing, I have seen when we were unable to pray at the Kaabah until Umar submitted, when he submitted to Islam, he fought them (the pagans) until they left us alone and we prayed.|Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud|<ref>as-Suyuti, ''The History of the Khalifas Who Took the Right Way'', p. 112.</ref>}}

==== Shia views ====
{{Main|Shia view of Umar}}

Umar is viewed very negatively in the literature of [[Twelver]] [[Shi'a]] (the main branch of Shia Islam<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/shia-islam-s-holiest-sites.html |title=Shia Islam's Holiest Sites |date=25 April 2017}}</ref>{{sfnp|The World Factbook|2010}}) and is often regarded as a usurper of Ali's right to the Caliphate. After the [[Saqifah]] assembly chose Abu Bakr as caliph, Umar marched with armed men to Ali's house in order to get the allegiance of Ali and his supporters. Sources indicate that a threat was made to burn Ali's house if he refused, but the encounter ended when [[Fatima]], wife of [[Ali]], intervened.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zot5IK1csp0C&pg=PA19 |title=An Introduction to Shiʿi Islam - The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism |isbn=978-0-300-03531-5 |last1=Momen |first1=Moojan |date=1985 |page=19 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]]}}</ref> According to the majority of Twelver scholar writings, Fatima was physically assaulted by Umar, that this caused her to miscarry her child, [[Muhsin ibn Ali]], and led to her death soon after.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGhp8Obm3bgC&pg=PA45 |title=The Conference of Baghdad's Ulema |page=45 |publisher=Forgotten Books |isbn=9781605067087}}</ref> (see [[Umar at Fatimah's house]]). However, some Twelver scholars, such as [[Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah]], reject these accounts of physical abuse as a "myth",<ref>{{Cite book |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780195137996 |last=Walbridge |first=Linda S. |title=The Most Learned of the Shi'a - The Institution of the Marja' Taqlid |date=30 August 2001 |page=211}}</ref> although Fadlallah mentioned that his speech is a probability, and not a certain reason to reject that event.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aparat.com/v/NayZp |title=تدلیس شبکه وهابی در سخنان آقای محمد حسین فضل الله |website=آپارات}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2017}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shayeaat.ir/post/798 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320151502/http://shayeaat.ir/post/798 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 March 2017 |title=شایعات – کلیپ رد هجوم به منزل حضرت زهرا(س)، توسط آیت الله سید حسین فضل الله ! / شایعه 0717 |website=shayeaat.ir |date=11 March 2017}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2017}}

Another Shia sect, the [[Zaydism|Zaidiyyah]] followers of [[Zayd ibn Ali]], generally has two views about that. Some branches, such as [[Jarudiyya]] (Sarhubiyya), don't accept Umar and Abu Bakr as legitimate caliphs. For instance, Jarudiyya believes that Muhammad appointed Ali and believes that the denial of the Imamate of Ali after Muhammad's passing would lead to infidelity and deviation from the right path.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} The other view accepts Umar and Abu Bakr as legitimate caliphs, albeit inferior to Ali.<ref>{{Cite book |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780195305036  |last=Ruthven |first=Malise |title=Islam in the World |date=20 April 2006 |page=186}}</ref> According to [[al-Tabari]] (and [[Ibn A'tham]]),<ref>{{Cite book |edition=1st |publisher=Dār al-ḍwāʾ |author=Alī Shīrī |title=Kitāb al-Futūḥ by Aḥmad ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī |location=Lebanon |date=1991 |volume=8 |page=289}}</ref> when asked about Abu Bakr and Umar, Zayd ibn Ali replied: "I have not heard anyone in my family renouncing them both nor saying anything but good about them [...] when they were entrusted with government they behaved justly with the people and acted according to the Qur'an and the Sunnah".<ref>''The waning of the Umayyad caliphate'' by Tabarī, Carole Hillenbrand, 1989, pp. 37–38</ref><ref>''The Encyclopedia of Religion'', Vol. 16, Mircea Eliade, Charles J. Adams, Macmillan, 1987, p. 243, ''"They were called "Rafida by the followers of Zayd"''</ref>