Editing Tokyo (section)

==Economy==
[[File:Tokyo Marunouchi in autumn.jpg|thumb|300x300px|[[Marunouchi]], the main business district]]
[[File:Sector Breakdown of 2021 GDP of Tokyo Metropolis.png|thumb|300x300px|Sector breakdown of 2021 GDP of Tokyo]]
Tokyo's gross regional product was 113.7 trillion yen or US$1.04 trillion in FY2021 and accounted for 20.7% of the country's total economic output, which converts to 8.07 million yen or US$73,820 per capita.<ref name=":3" /> By sector, Wholesale and Retail was the largest contributor, accounting for 21.5% of the total output. This was followed by Real Estate (13.5%), Professional, Scientific and Technical (12.2%), Information and Communications (11.7%), Finance and Insurance (7.6%), Manufacturing (7.0%), and Healthcare (6.7%). Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, and Mining combined accounted for less than 0.1% of the economic output.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metropolitan economy statistics 2021 |url=https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/keizaik/nenpou/kkne-index.htm |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp |archive-date=June 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622160118/https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/keizaik/nenpou/kkne-index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> As these numbers suggest, Tokyo's economy is heavily dependent on the tertiary sector. As the [[Greater Tokyo Area]], it has the [[List of cities by GDP|second-largest metropolitan economy in the world]], after [[New York metropolitan area|Greater New York]], with a gross metropolitan product estimated at US$2 trillion. The area's economy is slightly smaller than [[Economy of Canada|Canada's economy]] while being slightly larger than [[Economy of Mexico|Mexico's]], according to IMF estimates from the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2021 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=IMF |language=en |archive-date=April 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407050829/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tokyo's business districts are concentrated in four central wards: [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]] ([[Marunouchi]], [[Ōtemachi|Otemachi]], [[Kasumigaseki]]), [[Chūō, Tokyo|Chuo]] ([[Nihonbashi|Nihombashi]], [[Kyōbashi, Tokyo|Kyobashi]], [[Yaesu]]), [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]] ([[Shinbashi|Shimbashi]], [[Shiodome]], [[Toranomon]]), and [[Shinjuku]] ([[Nishi-Shinjuku|West Shinjuku]]). The 23 Special Wards of Tokyo had 73.5 million m<sup>2</sup> of office space as of January 2022.<ref>[https://www.reinet.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/3812bf21be91bd652b59a01967c07783.pdf National Office Space Survey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128204701/https://www.reinet.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/3812bf21be91bd652b59a01967c07783.pdf |date=January 28, 2023 }} October 7, 2022. Japan Real Estate Research Institute. Retrieved May 25, 2024.</ref>

In 2023, 29 of the ''[[Fortune Global 500]]'' companies were headquartered in Tokyo, which was the second highest concentration in the world after [[Beijing]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Major European capital slips out of Fortune Global 500's top 5 cities for the first time in 5 years |url=https://fortune.com/europe/2023/08/03/fortune-global-500-top-5-cities/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Fortune Europe |language=en |archive-date=May 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517020413/https://fortune.com/europe/2023/08/03/fortune-global-500-top-5-cities/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Notably, around 20 of them are based in Marunouchi, such as [[Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group|MUFG]], [[Mitsubishi Corporation|Mitsubish Corp.]] and [[Hitachi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Business Hub {{!}} Convenient Access {{!}} Corporate Clusters {{!}} Mitsubishi Estate Office Information |url=https://office.mec.co.jp/en/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=タイトル |language=en}}</ref> Tokyo was rated by the [[Economist Intelligence Unit]] as the most expensive (highest [[Cost-of-living index|cost-of-living]]) city in the world for 14 years in a row ending in 2006, when it was replaced by [[Oslo]], and later [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 13, 2017 |title=Top 3 Things to See & Do in Shibuya – Tokyo's Busiest District |url=https://www.wanderluststorytellers.com/things-see-do-shibuya-tokyo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205134226/https://www.wanderluststorytellers.com/things-see-do-shibuya-tokyo/ |archive-date=February 5, 2019 |access-date=June 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=July 7, 2011 |title=The expenses of Japan |url=https://www.economist.com/gulliver/2011/07/07/the-expenses-of-japan |access-date=July 11, 2020 |newspaper=The Economist |archive-date=March 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302173743/https://www.economist.com/gulliver/2011/07/07/the-expenses-of-japan |url-status=live }}</ref> However, years of deflation and an extremely weak yen starting in 2022 due to Japan's low interest rates made the cost of living in Tokyo 31% cheaper than in [[New York City]] in 2023, which is roughly the same as in [[Beijing]] and [[Manchester]] according to the 2023 EIU rankings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Worldwide Cost of Living 2023 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/worldwide-cost-of-living-2023/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129222242/https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/worldwide-cost-of-living-2023/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 29, 2023 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB }}</ref> [[Henley & Partners]] estimated that there were 298,300 individuals with a net worth of more than US$1 million living in Tokyo in 2024, the third highest number in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World's Wealthiest Cities Report 2024 |url=https://www.henleyglobal.com/publications/wealthiest-cities-2024 |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Henley & Partners |language=en |archive-date=July 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725000936/https://www.henleyglobal.com/publications/wealthiest-cities-2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Finance ===
[[File:Bank of Japan 2010.jpg|left|thumb|260x260px|[[Bank of Japan]], the central bank of the country, [[Chūō, Tokyo|Chuo, Tokyo]]]]
Tokyo is a major international finance center.<ref>
{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9753204|title=Financial Centres, All shapes and sizes|access-date=October 14, 2007|newspaper=The Economist|date=September 13, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031074934/http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9753204|archive-date=October 31, 2007|url-status=live}}
</ref> It houses the headquarters of several of the world's largest [[investment bank]]s and insurance companies and serves as a hub for Japan's transportation, publishing, [[electronics]] and broadcasting industries. During the centralized growth of Japan's economy following [[World War II]], many large firms moved their headquarters from cities such as [[Osaka]] (the historical commercial capital) to Tokyo, in an attempt to take advantage of better access to the government. 
[[File:The Tokyo Stock Exchange - main room 2.jpg|thumb|260x260px|The [[Tokyo Stock Exchange]], [[Chūō, Tokyo|Chuo, Tokyo]]]]
Tokyo emerged as a leading international [[Financial centre|financial center]] (IFC) in the 1960s and has been described as one of the three "command centers" for the [[world economy]], along with New York City and [[London]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Sassen, Saskia |title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo |year=2001 |publisher=Princeton University Press |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-691-07063-6 |author-link=Saskia Sassen}}</ref> In the 2020 [[Global Financial Centres Index|Global Financial Centers Index]], Tokyo was ranked as having the fourth most competitive financial center in the world, and second most competitive in Asia (after Shanghai).<ref name="GFCI2">{{cite web|date=September 2020|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 28|url=https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_28_Full_Report_2020.09.25_v1.1.pdf|access-date=October 4, 2020|website=Long Finance|archive-date=January 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118104905/https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_28_Full_Report_2020.09.25_v1.1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group|Mitsubishi UFJ]], [[Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation|Sumitomo-Mitsui Banking Corporation]], [[Mizuho Financial Group]], all among the [[List of largest banks|top 20 banks in the world by total assets in 2023]], are headquartered in Tokyo.

The Japanese financial market opened up slowly in 1984 and accelerated its internationalization with the "Japanese Big Bang" in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ito |first1=Takatoshi |last2=Melvin |first2=Michael |title=Nber Working Paper Series – Japan's Big Bang and the Transformation of Financial Markets |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w7247.pdf |website=www.nber.org |access-date=February 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602075049/http://www.nber.org/papers/w7247.pdf |archive-date=June 2, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite the emergence of Singapore and Hong Kong as competing financial centers, the Tokyo IFC manages to keep a prominent position in Asia. The [[Tokyo Stock Exchange]] is Japan's largest [[stock exchange]], and third largest in the world by [[market capitalization]], and the fourth largest by share turnover. In 1990 at the end of the [[Japanese asset price bubble]], it accounted for more than 60% of the world stock market value.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://s.patterntour.com/r/0/wi/wiki-Tokyo/tokyo-stock-exchange/ |title=Tokyo Stock Exchange |website=Stock-market.in |date=February 25, 2007 |access-date=October 29, 2010 |archive-date=November 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127211250/https://s.patterntour.com/r/0/wi/wiki-Tokyo/tokyo-stock-exchange/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Media and communications ===
{{See also|Mass media in Japan}}
{{Multiple image|
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| image1            = Otemachi 1st Square.jpg
| caption1          = Otemachi 1st Square, headquarters of [[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone|NTT]]
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| caption2          = [[Fuji Broadcasting Center]], headquarters of [[Fuji Television]]
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Tokyo's position as the country's cultural, political, and economic hub has made its media industry the largest in Japan. A majority of national media companies are headquartered in Tokyo, as well as the Asian or Japanese branches of international media companies. The [[NHK]], the oldest and only nationwide public broadcaster in the country, is headquartered in [[Shibuya]]. Other national broadcasters,<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2011-10-07 |title=Japan media guide |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15217593 |access-date=2024-07-13 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=September 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902042447/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15217593 |url-status=live }}</ref> such as [[TBS Television (Japan)|TBS]], [[Nippon Television]], [[Fuji Television]], and [[TV Asahi]], are also based in Tokyo. Of the [[Japanese newspapers|five major national newspapers]],<ref name=":5" /> ''[[The Nikkei]]'', [[Mainichi Shimbun|''The Mainichi'']], and [[Yomiuri Shimbun|''The Yomiuri'']] are headquartered in Tokyo, while the other two, [[The Asahi Shimbun|''The Asahi'']] and [[Sankei Shimbun|''The Sankei'']], maintain head offices both in Tokyo and [[Osaka]]. Major publishers based in Tokyo include [[Shueisha]], [[Kodansha]], [[Kadokawa Corporation|Kadokawa]], [[Shogakukan]], [[Bungeishunjū|Bungeishunju]], [[Shinchosha]], and [[Iwanami Shoten]], with a high concentration in [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]] and [[Shinjuku]].

[[Dentsu]], [[Hakuhodo]], and [[Asatsu-DK|ADK Holdings]], all based in Tokyo, are the country's largest advertising agencies. All three major telecommunications companies in Japan, namely [[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone|NTT]] (whose market capitalization was once the largest among all publicly traded companies in the world),<ref name=":4" /> [[KDDI]], and [[SoftBank Group|SoftBank]], are based in Tokyo. Tokyo is also a major hub for anime production, with major anime studios such as [[Studio Ghibli]], [[Gainax]], [[Madhouse, Inc.|Madhouse]], [[A-1 Pictures]], [[MAPPA]], [[Wit Studio]], [[Toei Animation|Toei]], and [[Shaft (company)|Shaft]] based particularly in the west of the metropolis.

=== Tourism ===
{{Main|Tourism in Tokyo}}
[[File:Hozomon with visitors under their umbrellas, a rainy day in Tokyo, Japan.jpg|thumb|251x251px|[[Sensō-ji|Sensoji]] in [[Asakusa]], a popular tourist attraction]]
In 2019, tourism accounted for slightly more than one percent of Tokyo's total economic output, with 15.18 million foreign visitors spending 1.26 trillion yen, according to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平成31年・令和元年東京都観光客数等実態調査{{pipe}}統計・調査{{pipe}}東京都産業労働局 |url=http://www.sangyo-rodo.metro.tokyo.jp/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=東京都産業労働局 |language=ja |archive-date=May 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517041245/http://www.sangyo-rodo.metro.tokyo.jp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to a 2022 government survey, the most visited areas in Tokyo were:<ref>[https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/tosei/hodohappyo/press/2023/06/28/documents/09_01.pdf 令和4年 国・地域別外国人旅行者行動特性調査 結果概要] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725000933/https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/tosei/hodohappyo/press/2023/06/28/documents/09_01.pdf |date=July 25, 2024 }} Tokyo Metropolitan Government. 2022.</ref>

* [[Shibuya]]: [[Shibuya Crossing]], [[Yoyogi Park]], [[Hachikō|Hachiko statue]]
* [[Shinjuku]]: [[Kabukichō]], [[Shinjuku Gyo-en]]
* [[Ginza]]: Shopping district, [[Kabuki-za|Kabukiza]]
* [[Marunouchi]]/[[Nihonbashi]]: [[Tokyo Imperial Palace|Imperial Palace]], Shopping district ([[Mitsukoshi]], [[Takashimaya]])
* [[Asakusa]]: [[Sensō-ji]], [[Tokyo Skytree]]
* [[Akihabara]]: electronics and anime culture
* [[Ueno]]: [[Tokyo National Museum]], [[National Museum of Nature and Science]], [[Ueno Zoo]], [[Ueno Park]]
* [[Harajuku]]/[[Omotesandō]]: [[Meiji Shrine]], [[Takeshita dori]]
* [[Roppongi]]: [[Roppongi Hills]], [[Azabudai Hills]], [[The National Art Center, Tokyo|National Art Center Tokyo]], [[Suntory Museum of Art]], [[Mori Art Museum]]
* [[Ikebukuro]]: Shopping district

Luxury hotels in Tokyo include the [[Imperial Hotel, Tokyo|Imperial Hotel]] (opened in 1890), [[Hotel Chinzanso Tokyo]] (opened in 1992), [[Hotel Okura Tokyo]] (opened in 1962), [[Meguro Gajoen|Meguro Gajoen Hotel]], Conrad Tokyo, the [[Ritz-Carlton Tokyo]] and Aman Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tokyo Luxury Hotels |url=http://www.forbestravelguide.com/destinations/tokyo-japan |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Forbes Travel Guide |language=en |archive-date=May 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525155314/https://www.forbestravelguide.com/destinations/tokyo-japan |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Agriculture, fishery and forestry ===
[[File:Toyosu Market Tokyo 2.jpg|right|thumb|285x285px|[[Toyosu Market]], [[Kōtō|Koto]]]]
The [[Toyosu Market]] in Tokyo is the largest wholesale fish and seafood market in the world since it opened on October 11, 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://widerimage.reuters.com/story/as-historic-tsukiji-market-closes-fishmongers-mourn |access-date=October 4, 2018 |title=As Tokyo's historic Tsukiji market closes, fishmongers mourn |first=Issei|last=Kato|date=September 29, 2018|work=Reuters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003005402/https://widerimage.reuters.com/story/as-historic-tsukiji-market-closes-fishmongers-mourn |archive-date=October 3, 2018}}</ref> It is also one of the largest wholesale food markets of any kind. It is located in the [[Toyosu]] area of [[Kōtō]] ward. The Toyosu Market holds strong to the traditions of its predecessor, the [[Tsukiji Fish Market]] and [[Nihonbashi]] fish market, and serves some 50,000 buyers and sellers every day. Retailers, whole-sellers, auctioneers, and public citizens alike frequent the market, creating a unique microcosm of organized chaos that continues to fuel the city and its food supply after over four centuries.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hannerz|first1=Ulf|title=The Fish Market at the Center of the World (Review)|journal=The Journal of Japanese Studies|date=2005|volume=31|issue=2|pages=428–431|doi=10.1353/jjs.2005.0044|s2cid=143762239}}</ref>
Tokyo had {{convert|8,460|ha|acre|abbr=off}} of agricultural land as of 2003,<ref>{{cite web |author=((Horticulture Statistics Team, Production Statistics Division, Statistics and Information Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries)) |date=July 15, 2003 |title=Statistics on Cultivated Land Area |url=http://www.maff.go.jp/esokuhou/sei200305.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624195936/http://www.maff.go.jp/esokuhou/sei200305.pdf |archive-date=June 24, 2008 |access-date=October 18, 2008}}</ref> according to the [[Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)|Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries]], placing it last among the nation's prefectures. The farmland is concentrated in Western Tokyo. Perishables such as vegetables, fruits, and flowers can be conveniently shipped to the markets in the eastern part of the prefecture.

With 36% of its area covered by forest, Tokyo has extensive growths of [[cryptomeria]] and [[Chamaecyparis obtusa|Japanese cypress]], especially in the mountainous western communities of Akiruno, Ōme, Okutama, Hachiōji, Hinode, and Hinohara. Decreases in the price of timber increases in the cost of production, and advancing old age among the forestry population have resulted in a decline in Tokyo's output. In addition, pollen, especially from cryptomeria, is a major [[Seasonal allergies|allergen]] for the nearby population centers. Tokyo Bay was once a major source of fish. Most of Tokyo's fish production comes from the outer islands, such as Izu Ōshima and Hachijō-Jima. [[Skipjack tuna]], [[nori]], and ''[[Carangidae|aji]]'' are among the ocean products.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tokyo Economy - Tokyo Travel Guide |url=http://www.tokyo-travelguide.com/tokyo-economy.html |access-date=April 23, 2022 |website=www.tokyo-travelguide.com |archive-date=August 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812205640/http://www.tokyo-travelguide.com/tokyo-economy.html |url-status=live }}</ref>